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in the previous congress, the congress under the articles of confederation, each state received one vote. that kind of equal representation honored the fact that states had been in existence for over a century and a half, had a corporate identity, and well defined geographic units. but madison and others coming from states that had experimented with this new kind of representation believe that it was only just and fair that more people in an area should have more representatives. and so the conflict at philadelphia in the philadelphia convention was how would representation be apportioned in the upper house and in the lower house that was the huge conflict. in july of that year a whole debate came to a standstill because the convention was deadlocked and could not decide on how to move on. the small states who would lose under the new system because they liked having an equal vote because they have fewer people were the ones objecting, and there were threatening to leave the convention unless some concessions are made to them. and so what happened was the compromise. the great compromise
in the previous congress, the congress under the articles of confederation, each state received one vote. that kind of equal representation honored the fact that states had been in existence for over a century and a half, had a corporate identity, and well defined geographic units. but madison and others coming from states that had experimented with this new kind of representation believe that it was only just and fair that more people in an area should have more representatives. and so the...
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Oct 16, 2011
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all congress would do at present was request the states to contribute money. 1782 congress asked for 8 million. on april 1st when the first $2 million was due the superintendent of finance collected nothing. a week or so later, $5,572 trickled in from new jersey, my native state. it was enough to keep the federal government running for a quarter of a day. the years 72 ended with a shortfall of $6 million. only to loans from france and holland enabled morris to dodge toole bankruptcy as for paying the army it was beyond the realm of the financial possibilities. soon anonymous broadsides began circulating around the new windsor can't. the officers abandoned their milk and water study with mcdougal's plea to congress but the army did not act now declared these compostable the officers were condemned to growing old in poverty and wretchedness and content. peace would benefit everybody but them. it was time to confront the gratitude of their fellow citizens who br me courage had made it dependent. there was only one option left. moreover, they should suspect a man who would advise them to
all congress would do at present was request the states to contribute money. 1782 congress asked for 8 million. on april 1st when the first $2 million was due the superintendent of finance collected nothing. a week or so later, $5,572 trickled in from new jersey, my native state. it was enough to keep the federal government running for a quarter of a day. the years 72 ended with a shortfall of $6 million. only to loans from france and holland enabled morris to dodge toole bankruptcy as for...
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Oct 17, 2011
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cut the result of the census congress would have to reapportion and decide the congress was growing. now it is fixed in the early 20th century. it was decided to congress would be fixed but at that time the number of representatives was increasing and after each sentence conagra's would have to decide how to apportionment the representatives and figure out the ratio of people represented. initially after the first congressional election there was one representative for 40,000 people. today it's more like one to every 670,000 so i think they've changed a lot, but the basis is a number of representatives in portions of the population which forged a the constitutional convention. >> professor zagarri the subtitle is representation in the u.s. 1776 to 1850. deutsch as referenced 1850. what happened? >> guest: it was decided they were sick of fighting every ten years and is in the past and law that required that the people to the representative -- to and that the remainder of after you divided the population by the number of representatives would be a sign to the states on the basis of th
cut the result of the census congress would have to reapportion and decide the congress was growing. now it is fixed in the early 20th century. it was decided to congress would be fixed but at that time the number of representatives was increasing and after each sentence conagra's would have to decide how to apportionment the representatives and figure out the ratio of people represented. initially after the first congressional election there was one representative for 40,000 people. today it's...
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Oct 23, 2011
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the same goes with congress. they used to gradually increase the members of congress as the population increase and then in the 50's it stopped. hasn't been increased since. so you have unrepresented, and representative representatives.
the same goes with congress. they used to gradually increase the members of congress as the population increase and then in the 50's it stopped. hasn't been increased since. so you have unrepresented, and representative representatives.
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Oct 8, 2011
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the congress passed the patriot act by huge majorities. congress tried to strip the courts of jurisdiction to place in guantanamo bay and ultimately supported warrantless wiretapping and changes to the foreign intelligence surveillance act. so one thing i think has changed the last ten years there's a good development is you have the congress pretty much in agreement. in fact if anything in the last two years where president obama tried to change national policy off describing the contras actually tried to react by cutting off funds to move anyone from united states to guantanamo bay. the points about privacy i think there is a legal aspect and important policy aspect. the policy aspect is i do think the warrantless surveillance program serves as a good illustration of the difference between the crime and the war because of the criminal-justice approach you need to have probable cause to a specific target if someone may have committed a crime or is about to commit a crime and you have to give that proved to a judge and that judge issues a
the congress passed the patriot act by huge majorities. congress tried to strip the courts of jurisdiction to place in guantanamo bay and ultimately supported warrantless wiretapping and changes to the foreign intelligence surveillance act. so one thing i think has changed the last ten years there's a good development is you have the congress pretty much in agreement. in fact if anything in the last two years where president obama tried to change national policy off describing the contras...
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Oct 30, 2011
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it was decided that congress would -- the size of the congress would be fixed at 475 representatives but at that time the number of representatives was increasing. and after each census, congress would have to decide how to apportion the representatives and how to figure out the ratio of representatives. after the first -- in the first congressional election, the ratio to people representatives with you 1 to 40,000. and now it's 1 to 670,000. so obviously things have changed a lot so the basis of this representative -- number of representatives being proportion portionat to people was to the constitution. >> the subtitle of your book is "representation of the u.s.: 1776 to 1850." you just researched 1850. what happened in 1850? >> well, in 1850, it was decided -- congress was sick of fighting every 10 years. and so they passed a law that required -- that the ratio to the people representatives be fixed and the remainder actually divided the population by the number of representatives would simply be assigned to the states on the basis of that population. and so that resolved at least
it was decided that congress would -- the size of the congress would be fixed at 475 representatives but at that time the number of representatives was increasing. and after each census, congress would have to decide how to apportion the representatives and how to figure out the ratio of representatives. after the first -- in the first congressional election, the ratio to people representatives with you 1 to 40,000. and now it's 1 to 670,000. so obviously things have changed a lot so the basis...
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Oct 9, 2011
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congress again agreed the president went to congress which he should have done in the first place and congress said okay and they gave him more power than he had claimed himself. what about the court? i think we are accustomed, those of us during the civil rights era, to thinking it is a president in congress doing something unconstitutional the courts will be there to save us and uphold the constitution. so the aclu brought a lawsuit challenging these in the national security agency claiming that it was a violation of the fourth amendment and the plaintiffs in this case or a lawyer in guantanamo who had a relative in yemen and they would no longer talk on the phone or e-mail because they were afraid the government might be listening and they might end up on the no-fly last to attract government attention. they were scholars to talk to the moderate islam and around the world that dried up. so the lawyer had to fly to yemen to be witnesses spending a lot of money so we actually won that case in the district court despite the administration are doing the state secret privilege nobody co
congress again agreed the president went to congress which he should have done in the first place and congress said okay and they gave him more power than he had claimed himself. what about the court? i think we are accustomed, those of us during the civil rights era, to thinking it is a president in congress doing something unconstitutional the courts will be there to save us and uphold the constitution. so the aclu brought a lawsuit challenging these in the national security agency claiming...
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Oct 29, 2011
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democratic congress begins to cut off grant's hands. and you can't send troop toss the south anymore without our consent. and, of course, they're not going to give consent too easily. so by the time hayes runs against tilden, you have that fraudulent election because by this point in all but three states african-americans have been completely disenfranchised. that was one of the great disappointments of grant's presidency. congress had already impeached one president, he's not going to have another. and he tries to get a third term. imagine that. the u.s. grant that those of us who grew up hearing about scandals, hearing about his drinking which he wasn't the only one who drank in the white house, take my word for it, and the other things. we never hear about the glory of grant, and he should be -- and, in fact, it's time he was. grant got his memorial before lincoln, grant's tomb became more than a joke about groucho marx. who is buried in grant's tomb? that was the most visited site in america. grant's tomb was an icon before the stat
democratic congress begins to cut off grant's hands. and you can't send troop toss the south anymore without our consent. and, of course, they're not going to give consent too easily. so by the time hayes runs against tilden, you have that fraudulent election because by this point in all but three states african-americans have been completely disenfranchised. that was one of the great disappointments of grant's presidency. congress had already impeached one president, he's not going to have...
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Oct 10, 2011
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so when that program was exposed, congress agreed, congress would finally which he should have done in the first place when they said okay and they gave him even a little bit more power that he had played himself. so what about the courts? aveda that we are accustomed, those of us who come to our teacher in the civil rights era to thinking of the president and congress are doing something unconstitutional the courts will be there to save as and uphold the constitution to reduce the aclu brought a lawsuit challenging these, the national security agency searches, claiming that it is a violation of the fourth amendment and the plaintiffs in the case were a lawyer who had represented the detainee in guantanamo who had representatives in yemen and the relatives and yemen would no longer talk on the phone or e-mail with her because they were afraid the government might be listening and they might end up on the no-fly list or they didn't want to attract government attention. there were scholars trying to talk to islam's a round the world. that joy up. so a lawyer had to fly to yemen to interv
so when that program was exposed, congress agreed, congress would finally which he should have done in the first place when they said okay and they gave him even a little bit more power that he had played himself. so what about the courts? aveda that we are accustomed, those of us who come to our teacher in the civil rights era to thinking of the president and congress are doing something unconstitutional the courts will be there to save as and uphold the constitution to reduce the aclu brought...
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Oct 16, 2011
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so when that program was exposed, congress again agreed, the president went to congress by which you should in first place. congress is okay, and they didn't even a little more power than he claimed. so what about the courts? i think we are accustomed, cut our teeth during the civil rights era, to think the president and congress are doing something unconstitutional, the courts will be there to save us and uphold the constitution. so the aclu brought a lawsuit challenging the national security agency, claiming that it was a violation of the fourth amendment. and the plaintiff in this case were a lawyer who was representing a detainee in guantÁnamo put relatives in yemen. the relatives would no longer talk to her on the phone or in the winter because they weren't afraid the government might be listening and you might end up on the no-fly list, or the new? they didn't want to attract attention. there were scholars were try to talk to moderate around the world. that i do. the employer has to fly to human to interview witnesses and spent a lot of money. so we won that case in the distri
so when that program was exposed, congress again agreed, the president went to congress by which you should in first place. congress is okay, and they didn't even a little more power than he claimed. so what about the courts? i think we are accustomed, cut our teeth during the civil rights era, to think the president and congress are doing something unconstitutional, the courts will be there to save us and uphold the constitution. so the aclu brought a lawsuit challenging the national security...
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while he was in congress, he wrote an original proof of the pythagorean theory. to me though, what is more inspirational and more astonishing, even then garfield's brilliance was his decency. you know, i wrote a book about theodore roosevelt and i have great admiration for him. he was a firebrand. he was the hero, the center of every drama. that is not garfield. garfield was the columnist, wisest man in the room. he was a good, kind, honest man who was just trying his best. he was a real person, not consumed by ego and ambition, someone who was simply trying to do the right thing. even after 17 years in congress and one of the most ruthless, vicious eras of machine politics, garfield never changed. his friends used to marvel at his forbearance even in the face of the most brutal personal attacks, but garfield was incapable of holding a grudge. he used to just shrug and say, i am a -- hater. although garfield took his presidency very seriously, he had never had what he called presidential fever. in fact he never really ran for any office. people asked him to run a
while he was in congress, he wrote an original proof of the pythagorean theory. to me though, what is more inspirational and more astonishing, even then garfield's brilliance was his decency. you know, i wrote a book about theodore roosevelt and i have great admiration for him. he was a firebrand. he was the hero, the center of every drama. that is not garfield. garfield was the columnist, wisest man in the room. he was a good, kind, honest man who was just trying his best. he was a real...
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Oct 9, 2011
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congress does not go along with it. but it really drives -- it's one more thing to drive a wedge between north and south, again, even before slavery's become a divisive issue. when mason gets to philadelphia, you see this sectional issue reemerge. and, again, richard henry lee is talking to mason about this. shortly before the convention begins, mason gets a letter from richard henry lee, and lee is warning mason about these northerners. he tells them there are going to be eight northern states, there are going to be five southern states. the northern states are going to have a majority, and they may adopt legislation that discriminates against, against the south. mason's worried too, although he's from a little different perspective. mason's worried in 1787 about a philosophical split between particularly new england and the south. and, um, mason writes a letter in which he says that, you know, when the revolution started, the new englanders were the real firebrand. this is what mason says. the new englanders were the
congress does not go along with it. but it really drives -- it's one more thing to drive a wedge between north and south, again, even before slavery's become a divisive issue. when mason gets to philadelphia, you see this sectional issue reemerge. and, again, richard henry lee is talking to mason about this. shortly before the convention begins, mason gets a letter from richard henry lee, and lee is warning mason about these northerners. he tells them there are going to be eight northern...
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we testified before congress about these powers and he was
we testified before congress about these powers and he was
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Oct 10, 2011
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when that was exposed, congress the president went to congress and said they said okay and actually gave him a little more power than he claimed for himself. those of us who cut our teeth during the civil rights era thinking if president and congress are doing something of a constitutional the courts will save us to uphold the constitution. the aclu brought a lawsuit challenging the national security agency claiming it was a violation of the fourth amendment and the plaintive was a lawyer who had relatives in yemen and they would no longer talk on the phone or e-mail because they were afraid the government was listening and on the no-fly list or to attract attention. scholars trying to talk to moderate islamist. the lawyer has to fly to yemen but we won that case it a district court. nobody could know about this but the fifth circuit court of appeals reversed them say the plaintiff had no standing the only people who could challenge this it is those who can show that they themselves have been under surveillance. that is a catch-22. how do you do that if you don't know? so to challenge th
when that was exposed, congress the president went to congress and said they said okay and actually gave him a little more power than he claimed for himself. those of us who cut our teeth during the civil rights era thinking if president and congress are doing something of a constitutional the courts will save us to uphold the constitution. the aclu brought a lawsuit challenging the national security agency claiming it was a violation of the fourth amendment and the plaintive was a lawyer who...
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Oct 2, 2011
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a congress actually tried to strip the courts over habeas corpus over guantanamo bay, and congress supported tapping, so one thing that has changed in the last ten years is you have a president and congress pretty much in agreement. in fact if anything in the last two years, where president obama has tried to change national policy off sort of war approach, which i described in congress has actually tried to react by trying to stop him, by cutting off funds to move anyone from guantanamo bay into the united states, for example. more directfully response to anyway deep's -- nadine's points about privacy. the policy aspect is i think that the warrantless surveillance program serves as a good illustration of the difference between crime and war. anywhere a criminal justice approach you need to have probable cause a specific target is someone that may have committed a crime or is about to commit a crime, and you have to give that proof to a judge, and that judge issues a warrant. that's very different this the war approach. the war approach, where you have an enemy, and you try to intercept all
a congress actually tried to strip the courts over habeas corpus over guantanamo bay, and congress supported tapping, so one thing that has changed in the last ten years is you have a president and congress pretty much in agreement. in fact if anything in the last two years, where president obama has tried to change national policy off sort of war approach, which i described in congress has actually tried to react by trying to stop him, by cutting off funds to move anyone from guantanamo bay...
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Oct 29, 2011
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of congress keeps. but there was real fear, real desperation among politicians and, of course, among taxpayers and the public. politicians really felt that. so suddenly at the beginning there were not inclined to stand in his wake. opposition, both on the republican and democratic side began to emerge very quickly. roosevelt had to -- he had to try and do it. he had to do a lot of compromising all the way through the new deal starting in late 1933 right through 19373839 of mark is the end of the new deal. it was not very long before you started to your conservative congressman and senator standing up and sang that spending is insane. we are spending ourselves into bankruptcy. very close to what you hear today. and they did go into withdrawing stimulus in 1937 and the result was a rose of recession. so that is the lesson that we have if we just listen to a. sometimes you need more stimulus, but the real danger is removing it before it's time. now, in terms of prognosticating , i am always of two minds of
of congress keeps. but there was real fear, real desperation among politicians and, of course, among taxpayers and the public. politicians really felt that. so suddenly at the beginning there were not inclined to stand in his wake. opposition, both on the republican and democratic side began to emerge very quickly. roosevelt had to -- he had to try and do it. he had to do a lot of compromising all the way through the new deal starting in late 1933 right through 19373839 of mark is the end of...
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Oct 2, 2011
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yet he often held his own in the halls of congress. a fact that distinguished him from so many other frontiers. remarkably he enjoyed fraternizing with men of power and prestige in the fancy parlors of philadelphia and new york. crockett was like none other, 19th century enigma. he fought under andrew jackson and the ruinous indian wars, all the later to become jackson's bitter foe on the issue of indian -- the issue of removal of indian tribes and their homeland. crockets contradictions extended beyond politics. he had only a few months of formal education, yet he read of it and the bard. he was neither a buffoon nor a great intellect, but a man who was always evolving on the stage of a nation in its adolescence, a pioneer in his dreams of an breakfast nation with the gays but toward the west. perhaps more than any one of his time davey crockett was arguably our first celebrity hero, inspiring people with his own time as well as a 20th-century generation. a man, david crockett, may have perished on march 61836 in the final assault on
yet he often held his own in the halls of congress. a fact that distinguished him from so many other frontiers. remarkably he enjoyed fraternizing with men of power and prestige in the fancy parlors of philadelphia and new york. crockett was like none other, 19th century enigma. he fought under andrew jackson and the ruinous indian wars, all the later to become jackson's bitter foe on the issue of indian -- the issue of removal of indian tribes and their homeland. crockets contradictions...
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Oct 22, 2011
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this was not overseen by congress. eventually part of donovan's budget expanded into hundreds of millions or more came from appropriated funds from congress but even then congress wasn't doing a lot of oversight on what he was doing overseas. he was free to operate on his own. >> i wonder if you could say something about the sources used for this book. for example are all the oss archives available? do you think they are complete? they using some of it may have been deleted at some point? >> the good news is all the oss documents have been declassified. the bad news is practically all the oss documents have been declassified because it runs in millions and millions of pages. and oss's own office and i went through that material, at the kremlin he had something on the order of 170,000 documents that were under his control which took me about a year to go through. his personal papers from his log and other sources, letters to his family are at the army military history institute in carlisle, pennsylvania. i also had to g
this was not overseen by congress. eventually part of donovan's budget expanded into hundreds of millions or more came from appropriated funds from congress but even then congress wasn't doing a lot of oversight on what he was doing overseas. he was free to operate on his own. >> i wonder if you could say something about the sources used for this book. for example are all the oss archives available? do you think they are complete? they using some of it may have been deleted at some point?...
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so congress are caught up with as it were not going to you do that. sorry for you at&t folks and say difficult, it's too late. >> the thing that also really got me when they first did this that didn't get much publicity, and i think it's legal, but it's morally wrong, when we had our traditional pension, you multiplied a percent times your use of service, for anybody, someone making 40,000, someone making 100,000, someone making 200,000, when at&t changed it they put a knee in a curve. they said okay, you're going to get half the rate up to the social security range base, and double the rate. same amount of money in the pot, didn't put more money in there, and i just wanted to say that. unit, it's doing what you are saying. they got a pot of money and they are skewing it. >> i think you are saying many people didn't know they were unaware of this change, and you know, i think that says something in terms of retirees of the past were more trusting, et cetera. and i think it's the message going forth, you know, i don't think we could have trust anymore
so congress are caught up with as it were not going to you do that. sorry for you at&t folks and say difficult, it's too late. >> the thing that also really got me when they first did this that didn't get much publicity, and i think it's legal, but it's morally wrong, when we had our traditional pension, you multiplied a percent times your use of service, for anybody, someone making 40,000, someone making 100,000, someone making 200,000, when at&t changed it they put a knee in a...
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Oct 15, 2011
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congress. there was real desperation among politics and, of course, tax taxpayers and the public. and poll sixes really felt that. -- politicians really felt that. but opposition both on the republican and democratic sign came to a marriage very quickly. and roosevelt had to triangulate, he had toot a lot of compromising all the way through the new deal starting in late 1933 right think to 1937, 1938, 1939 which i mark as the end of the new deal. it wasn't very long before you started to hear conservative congressmen and senators standing up and saying, this spending is incyren. we're spending ourselves into bankruptcy. quotes really very, very close to what you here today, they did go to roosevelt in withdrawing stimulus in 1937, and the result was the root version. so that's the version we'll have, that sometimes you need stop stimulus and the other is before its time. every political prediction you here today is going to be wrong whether it's from me or anybody else in some fundamental way.
congress. there was real desperation among politics and, of course, tax taxpayers and the public. and poll sixes really felt that. -- politicians really felt that. but opposition both on the republican and democratic sign came to a marriage very quickly. and roosevelt had to triangulate, he had toot a lot of compromising all the way through the new deal starting in late 1933 right think to 1937, 1938, 1939 which i mark as the end of the new deal. it wasn't very long before you started to hear...
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Oct 23, 2011
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this was not overseen by congress. eventually, part of donovan's funds as want budget expanded into the hundreds of millions and mar came from appropriated funds from congress, but even then, congress was not doing a lot of oversite on what he was doing overseaings. he was basically free to operate on his own. >> i wonder if you can say something about the sources you used for this book? for example, are all the oss archives available? where are they? do you think they are complete or do you think that some of them may have been deleted at some point? >> yeah. the good news is that all the oss documents have been declassified, practically all have been declassified. the bad news is that practically all the documents are classified because it runs in the millions and millions of pages. in donovan's own office at the kremlin, he had something on the order of 170 ,000 documents there under his control which took me about a year to go through. his personal papers from his law office and other sources are at the army milita
this was not overseen by congress. eventually, part of donovan's funds as want budget expanded into the hundreds of millions and mar came from appropriated funds from congress, but even then, congress was not doing a lot of oversite on what he was doing overseaings. he was basically free to operate on his own. >> i wonder if you can say something about the sources you used for this book? for example, are all the oss archives available? where are they? do you think they are complete or do...
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on behalf of the library of congress, welcome to the 2011 national book festival. we hope you all are having a wonderful day and have been enjoying the great authors we have here. um, before we begin i want to inform you that the pavilion's presentations are being filmed for the library of congress' web site and for their archives and by c-span for airing on booktv. so, please, be mindful of this as you enjoy the presentation. in addition, please, do not sit on the camera risers that are located in the back of the pavilion. and, please, silence your cell phones, please. that's a disclaimer, and we'll move on. um, we have a wonderful writer who's going to speak to us. let me first say i'm kevin merida, that's what i should have said, national editor at "the washington post." and we're proud charter sponsors of this festival for the last 11 years, and it's great to be with you. james l. swanson, the first thing i noticed about his bio is that he's born on february 12th which happens, also, to be the birthday of abraham lincoln. and be so you could say in a way that h
on behalf of the library of congress, welcome to the 2011 national book festival. we hope you all are having a wonderful day and have been enjoying the great authors we have here. um, before we begin i want to inform you that the pavilion's presentations are being filmed for the library of congress' web site and for their archives and by c-span for airing on booktv. so, please, be mindful of this as you enjoy the presentation. in addition, please, do not sit on the camera risers that are...
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went to the library of congress. then i found the new york bar, a library of the new york bar has letters which are just incredible the of the zero universities have bits and pieces here and there. it's like the treasure hunt. it's a lot of fun. >> i just have one question. he said he was -- was there any government action taken against them or prosecution, did they ever investigated in at this? >> they didn't. the country was heartbroken and enraged and focusing on the trial. he had an insanity defense. the country was terrified that he was going to get off. that is where the focus was bliss never admitted that he had done anything wrong. he insisted that he had given the very best medical care to the president. in fact i handed congress is very expensive bill for his work and was outraged when congress refused to pay it. >> thank you. >> i have several small questions. have you ever talked to the group of hiram college about this? >> have done research there. i have not spoken with any group there. quite a bit of r
went to the library of congress. then i found the new york bar, a library of the new york bar has letters which are just incredible the of the zero universities have bits and pieces here and there. it's like the treasure hunt. it's a lot of fun. >> i just have one question. he said he was -- was there any government action taken against them or prosecution, did they ever investigated in at this? >> they didn't. the country was heartbroken and enraged and focusing on the trial. he...
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i got to hang out in the bulk of the library of congress which is very cool like three football fields of cabinets full of maps. the library and took me around, here's a map of a plantation in virginia. george washington drew it. this amazing treasure trove. and people using the gps revolution -- multimillion-dollar military satellites to find tupperware hidden in the woods. pacific northwest creation in portland. the company that maintains the web site last year -- who else did i get to hang out with? national geographic kids. washington, more than any other state. these kids are amazing. it was like a middle school. i did a little geography quiz with them. a girl in redmond who won a couple years ago and for a fun i gave her a list of geography questions some of which i got right and some i did not get right hand she was amazing. she got one wrong and i got half of them wrong. kids are amazing. i started to see as i hung out with people like this people into maps, fantasy world and road geeks' obsessed with the interstate system, systematic travelers like people who go to every starb
i got to hang out in the bulk of the library of congress which is very cool like three football fields of cabinets full of maps. the library and took me around, here's a map of a plantation in virginia. george washington drew it. this amazing treasure trove. and people using the gps revolution -- multimillion-dollar military satellites to find tupperware hidden in the woods. pacific northwest creation in portland. the company that maintains the web site last year -- who else did i get to hang...
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with columbia, south korea and so on there are strong protections in the congress and the president is aware of that. >> what do you think has been the biggest failure of the republican foreign policy? >> the failure of the and frustration to adequately prepare for the post war fees' in iraq, to really seriously think through what they say was over and then you have to recreate some order and stability. i don't think president bush prepare adequately for that but to his credit eventually he got it right. it took a few years but with the surge some credit is due because he could have just walked away. a lot of people were calling on him to just walk away. november 2006 he was very unpopular and they worked and i think if it hadn't been for the surge iraq would be in worse shape today and what a spiral into absolute violent civil conflict soon he had qualities of very tenacious almost a stubbornness sometimes he got it right and sometimes wrong that a package deal and in the end eternal to be useful >> why is it that it seems like the poles of the democratic president have been more a
with columbia, south korea and so on there are strong protections in the congress and the president is aware of that. >> what do you think has been the biggest failure of the republican foreign policy? >> the failure of the and frustration to adequately prepare for the post war fees' in iraq, to really seriously think through what they say was over and then you have to recreate some order and stability. i don't think president bush prepare adequately for that but to his credit...
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this is why hang out in elaborate of congress with a map librarian. it's about the place names on maps which is always sort of felt a special appeal for me as long as i have loved maps i've been an enthusiastic, a student of place names. maps that are not done with textbook there. what could be more solace in one of those outline maps every with only a few oil derricks or years of corn drawn on a. these are the abominations that makes kid hate geography. there may be poetry, but the personality into australia or new mexico. in 1570 i was a label does imagine measure subcontinent with tantalizing place named lance of paris, keep of the good signal and sweetest river. knowing i've been to these places that it was either that or leave an entire landmass suspiciously make it. i feel nostalgic warmth. i've never been to these countries of course. i plan my vacations around places like land fair -- quails. st. mary's church in the hollow. and make sure to get my picture taken during our trip to thailand next to the blocklong sign of bangkok city hall. names
this is why hang out in elaborate of congress with a map librarian. it's about the place names on maps which is always sort of felt a special appeal for me as long as i have loved maps i've been an enthusiastic, a student of place names. maps that are not done with textbook there. what could be more solace in one of those outline maps every with only a few oil derricks or years of corn drawn on a. these are the abominations that makes kid hate geography. there may be poetry, but the personality...
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fdr enjoyed a democratic majority in congress for route the new deal but that doesn't mean it was a new deal journey. the harshest opposition to his program often came from conservatives in his own party while some of his most dependable supporters were progressive republicans. fdr's delicate triangulation between the liberal and conservative blocks outraged progressives in here just as barack obama's political compromises outrages progress of followers today. think about this. the securities act of 1934 which gave us the securities and exchange commission and upgraded the disclosure requirements for all corporations was considered by progressive to amount to a total give away to wall street. the new republic greeted the final draft with these words -- the stock exchange should be met with gratitude. this leads us into a question that is hotly debated today of whether the new deal ended the depression or as some would have it even prolong the depression. the facts are these. by the estimation of mainstream economists agree depression ended the sometime in early to mid 1935. the u.s. eco
fdr enjoyed a democratic majority in congress for route the new deal but that doesn't mean it was a new deal journey. the harshest opposition to his program often came from conservatives in his own party while some of his most dependable supporters were progressive republicans. fdr's delicate triangulation between the liberal and conservative blocks outraged progressives in here just as barack obama's political compromises outrages progress of followers today. think about this. the securities...
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the fact that you had a president, a judiciary, a congress. the fact that congress had a senate which was chosen one way and the house of representatives chosen another way and then the fact that all these branches were pitted against gore stood alongside the state. the fact that this complication was a force with a guarantee of liberty because it meant that no maligned faction could sweep across the whole country. it was like an obstacle course. and not so coarse abridges government. so when we see that in madison's own life, when we see him shaking his talents back and forth from one of these branches to another, in a way he is and that he needs the theory. you know, the theory he developed in the federalist papers. and you know, if one were ill disposed, one could say, you know, he is changing his colors and some of his enemies did say that at the time. i don't think i'm being overly charitable to say that he really -- he really figured out how the new system would work in this and try to take advantage of it for his other clothes, which we
the fact that you had a president, a judiciary, a congress. the fact that congress had a senate which was chosen one way and the house of representatives chosen another way and then the fact that all these branches were pitted against gore stood alongside the state. the fact that this complication was a force with a guarantee of liberty because it meant that no maligned faction could sweep across the whole country. it was like an obstacle course. and not so coarse abridges government. so when...
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he mentioned the library of congress. what documents was most important to you? if you knew what you were looking for when you came in or if you found things in the course of your research? >> i have to say i couldn't have done it without the help of my research associate robert mcginnis, and also the fabulous annotated collected letters and papers of woodrow wilson which were added by arthur link and published by princeton. 69 volumes of paper is. the or originals are on microfilm and the library of congress but thanks to that wonderful annotated book that is also a resource but some of ellen's papers and edith's were the most poignant and that i found. among ellen's papers were two notes that she wrote to margaret, ole miss daughter a few days before she died and she said the doctors say i am going to get better but i don't feel i am going to get better and she also said my nights are so full of pain. it was heartbreaking to read those. to hold the papers that she rose is also very magical. especially for edith's papers, many of them were not collected because
he mentioned the library of congress. what documents was most important to you? if you knew what you were looking for when you came in or if you found things in the course of your research? >> i have to say i couldn't have done it without the help of my research associate robert mcginnis, and also the fabulous annotated collected letters and papers of woodrow wilson which were added by arthur link and published by princeton. 69 volumes of paper is. the or originals are on microfilm and...
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it participated in the first congress. only virginia formally as the bill of rights be amendmed to te constitution, 3 ht most people wanted improvement on representation and some restrictions on federal taxing powers because they thought, well, this is the nature issue of american revhewution. no t moation without representation. that was the big issov, and that frightened the federalists including madison. well we got, that is the tlinence that madison proposed were an effort to bury the tax amendment. and he was actually -- i thiman he belndeved in what he was doing. he was also playing a very interesting phewitical game. the amendments that were -- madison wanted to change the body of the constitution. we all know that. his proposals in the first federal conh th he got changed into a list o be pasted at the end because roger sherman of connecticut said you couldn't change the body of the constitution. the people had ratified it. morehat er they had all the signatures. if he chases it would look like what they ah changed
it participated in the first congress. only virginia formally as the bill of rights be amendmed to te constitution, 3 ht most people wanted improvement on representation and some restrictions on federal taxing powers because they thought, well, this is the nature issue of american revhewution. no t moation without representation. that was the big issov, and that frightened the federalists including madison. well we got, that is the tlinence that madison proposed were an effort to bury the tax...
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is because that they have a very strong protectionist interest in congress. very aware of that. >> what do you think it's been the biggest failure of republican foreign policy? >> i think the failure of the bush administration to adequately prepare for the postwar phase in iraq, to really seriously think through what would be required once the conventional since the war was over and then you have to recreate some kind of order and stability. i don't think the president prepared adequately for that. to his credit eventually he got it right. it took a few years, but i think what deserves some credit, he could have just walked away. a lot of people were calling an end to just walk away. if you remember 2006, very unpopular. and he really, his presidency of a surge in the works. you know, if it hadn't been for the surge iraq would be in much worse shape today. it would have continued to spiral. absolute violence and conflict. so bush had these qualities, very tenacious, almost stubbornness. sometimes to get it right and sometimes to get it wrong. it was sort of a
is because that they have a very strong protectionist interest in congress. very aware of that. >> what do you think it's been the biggest failure of republican foreign policy? >> i think the failure of the bush administration to adequately prepare for the postwar phase in iraq, to really seriously think through what would be required once the conventional since the war was over and then you have to recreate some kind of order and stability. i don't think the president prepared...
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you mentioned the library of congress. what -- what documents you came across that were most important? if you knew what you were looking for when you came in or if you found things while in the course of your research that you didn't expect? >> well, first, i have to say i couldn't have done it without the help of my research associate robert h. mcginnis. and also the fabulous annotated collected letters and papers of woodrow wilson which were edited arthur link. 69 volumes of papers. the originals are in the library of congress on microfilm but thanks to that wonderful annotated book is always resource but some of ellen's papers are there. edith's papers -- one of the most poignant i found among ellen's papers were two notes that she wrote to margaret, her oldest daughter a few days before she died. and she said the doctors say i'm going to get better, but i don't feel i'm going to get better. and she also said, my nights are so full of pain. they were just, you know, heart wringing to read those and to hold the papers t
you mentioned the library of congress. what -- what documents you came across that were most important? if you knew what you were looking for when you came in or if you found things while in the course of your research that you didn't expect? >> well, first, i have to say i couldn't have done it without the help of my research associate robert h. mcginnis. and also the fabulous annotated collected letters and papers of woodrow wilson which were edited arthur link. 69 volumes of papers....
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i briefed key members of congress. i had the chairman and ranking member of the house and senate intelligence committees come down every couple months to my office. mike hayden would come in and we briefed the key four members of congress who had jurisdiction over what we were doing and what results this would produce surge they were wired in from the beginning. later on the controversy arose inside the program with the justice department. we expanded the group of four into nine. we had a majority and minority leaders in the house and senate and have all of them in briefing them as well and then i went around at that point and asked them all at that point, jay rockefeller, on the democratic side, asked them if they thought we should continue the program. they said absolutely. that i said do you think we should go back to congress for additional authority to operate the way we were operating? they said absolutely not. they were unanimous on both points. they were concerned and asked congress for a vote on the subject, t
i briefed key members of congress. i had the chairman and ranking member of the house and senate intelligence committees come down every couple months to my office. mike hayden would come in and we briefed the key four members of congress who had jurisdiction over what we were doing and what results this would produce surge they were wired in from the beginning. later on the controversy arose inside the program with the justice department. we expanded the group of four into nine. we had a...
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it's all right in the library of congress available to any researcher. >> dr. leonard, thank you for your time today. >> up next, booktv sat down with george washington university professor marcy norton to discuss her book "sacred gifts, profane pleasures." this is about 20 minutes. >> george washington professor marcy norton, where did snickers bars and marlboros come from? >> well, we have to go way back in time. tobacco and chocolate are both native to the americas and were developed by indians. tobacco in the distant past, several thousand years bce and cocoa which is the raw central ingredient to chocolate, likewise, maybe around 3,000 bce and so they were central to native americans. and when europeans -- europeans had no knowledge of them until they arrived starting with columbus in 1492. and went from there. >> how were they used in these ancient cultures here? >> so tobacco was used in a whole multitude of ways. it was smoked cigars, pipes, sort of like substances also used topically as medicines, snuff through the nose, enemas, a whole host of applica
it's all right in the library of congress available to any researcher. >> dr. leonard, thank you for your time today. >> up next, booktv sat down with george washington university professor marcy norton to discuss her book "sacred gifts, profane pleasures." this is about 20 minutes. >> george washington professor marcy norton, where did snickers bars and marlboros come from? >> well, we have to go way back in time. tobacco and chocolate are both native to the...
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he is behind every vote that goes against me in congress. and jackson could write this letter that is almost literally paranoia. this is a letter no one had seen until last year when the owner of it contacted us and said would you like to sees this letter? jackson can ride this paranoid private letter and then write another letter and say i got calhoun trapped. let's see how he got out of this. the library of congress have the largest single collection. when jackson went home from washington he took trunks of papers with him and after he died those papers went here and there. in the 1880s a cincinnati newspaper editor owned them all and the library of congress bought them. we are talking 100,000 pieces of paper. those were what jackson called his private papers. official records are in the national archives. if jackson wrote a letter on business to the secretary of war it wound up in the war department and the national archives. we have surge through all of the papers from that era in the national archives. other letters wound up in other pl
he is behind every vote that goes against me in congress. and jackson could write this letter that is almost literally paranoia. this is a letter no one had seen until last year when the owner of it contacted us and said would you like to sees this letter? jackson can ride this paranoid private letter and then write another letter and say i got calhoun trapped. let's see how he got out of this. the library of congress have the largest single collection. when jackson went home from washington he...
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and so part of it has to do with political parties' willingness to persuade members of congress, seated members of congress to step down, willing to sport women challenging incumbents within their own parties, willingness to recruit women for office. right now, um, the so-called big money people on the republican side are trying to recruit, um, governor christie from new jersey to enter the presidential nomination race on the republican side which he so far at least, at least this morning, still has refused to do. but there are women that might be recruited. there are some very good female governors on the republican side who might be recruited. so at this point my argument is it's not the problem of women, it's the problem of parties and specifically, i might add, the republican party. women aren't represented -- are represented within the democratic party by a two to one to three to one margin over republicans. >> thank you. >> the you're welcome. [laughter] >> here's a look at some upcoming book fairs and festivals this month. on october 9th portland, oregon, hosts wordstock week fai
and so part of it has to do with political parties' willingness to persuade members of congress, seated members of congress to step down, willing to sport women challenging incumbents within their own parties, willingness to recruit women for office. right now, um, the so-called big money people on the republican side are trying to recruit, um, governor christie from new jersey to enter the presidential nomination race on the republican side which he so far at least, at least this morning,...
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this is the program paid out of the library of congress. place names on maps which are always holding a special appeal. i have been an enthusiastic steven the place names.ists maps.place to m could be more sullen and one of those maps i read with only a few oil their sir year's accord drawn on it this makes kids he geography. m g e dow chemical of patience. an acrylic coastline, but personality and the hon to do australia. the great promise cartography agree with me. he leveled his commands our continent. e goantalizing place. no one had been to these nonexistent places.ac but we will leave an entire land mass this -- suspiciously naked. map labels like they want andli british honduras. i'd never been to these countries come but the names, the school cafeteria or the piano line.l i plan my vacations around places like bland fare pool.e [inaudible] the rapid whirlpool.tape make sure to get my picture taken during my trip to thailan the princess city, hundred 603 letter name. name some have to be long to be memorable.ve to you could spend mos
this is the program paid out of the library of congress. place names on maps which are always holding a special appeal. i have been an enthusiastic steven the place names.ists maps.place to m could be more sullen and one of those maps i read with only a few oil their sir year's accord drawn on it this makes kids he geography. m g e dow chemical of patience. an acrylic coastline, but personality and the hon to do australia. the great promise cartography agree with me. he leveled his commands our...
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we're coming to the closee to this national book festival and all of us at the library of congress hoped you enjoyed it as much as we have in planning it. it's joyous event but, you know, it's also an important one. the ability to read is a key to the ability to read. is the key to life. and expanding our horizons of our society and building and sustaining a dynamic responsibility writers who have brought us the ongoing american creative spirit and mccullough of in public and national way here at the height of her account. in the 11th national book festival could nonfirst have been the success it has been. they impress attended number of people have participated without a work of over 100 volunteers and have given generously of their time and this is actually more than a -- it's a record in that respect to the people who are here but i want to take special recognition of deanna markum. she's the wonderful librarian who keeps us all here in washington throughout the nation -- she's been the executive director of the festival. jennifer gavin, its project manager, and our long time center f
we're coming to the closee to this national book festival and all of us at the library of congress hoped you enjoyed it as much as we have in planning it. it's joyous event but, you know, it's also an important one. the ability to read is a key to the ability to read. is the key to life. and expanding our horizons of our society and building and sustaining a dynamic responsibility writers who have brought us the ongoing american creative spirit and mccullough of in public and national way here...
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the library of congress. however, i was surprised by some of the things in my research. i was surprised how long went and spoke about this idea of colonization. if you read most books about lincoln you will find that is not mentioned at all or only in a throwaway sentenced to say, oh, well, he could not possibly have believe that this was possible to be jesus said it for political reasons as something like that. what is more interesting to me is that lincoln held a said the and then abandoned it and moved some of the position which was that in the 1850's he could not see black people as an intrinsic part of american society. he saw them as an alien people who have been unjustly and violently uprooted from their homeland and transported to the new world. they should enjoy their liberty, but there were not really part of american society. by the end of the work he is seeing them as citizens, participants in reconstruction, a complete change, and i think that is more interesting. much of the industry once likened to be perfect from the beginning. born with a pin in his hand
the library of congress. however, i was surprised by some of the things in my research. i was surprised how long went and spoke about this idea of colonization. if you read most books about lincoln you will find that is not mentioned at all or only in a throwaway sentenced to say, oh, well, he could not possibly have believe that this was possible to be jesus said it for political reasons as something like that. what is more interesting to me is that lincoln held a said the and then abandoned...
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for slander on the floor of the congress. at the same time cissy's former son in law, her daughter's ex-husband was a famous political columnist named drew pearson who supported roosevelt through the war who cissy fell out with but he and his new wife basically formed the only family that cissy managed to hold onto so she was very much alone at that point. and seems to have begun to drink more according to reports that her friends made. the paper reflected this and at the same time cissy had fallen in with a colorful and peculiar character in washington during the war, a white russian immigrant doctor called dr. de savage. his credentials were not quite right to practice in the united states but he had a practice anyway that seemed to revolve around giving the ladies lounge in washington injections' for weight-loss or to feel better or to sleep and he became very chummy with cissy and came to her party's. one night from exhaustion she had heart trouble throughout her life. her staff didn't -- doctors had been mobilized or too
for slander on the floor of the congress. at the same time cissy's former son in law, her daughter's ex-husband was a famous political columnist named drew pearson who supported roosevelt through the war who cissy fell out with but he and his new wife basically formed the only family that cissy managed to hold onto so she was very much alone at that point. and seems to have begun to drink more according to reports that her friends made. the paper reflected this and at the same time cissy had...
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republicans on the one hand from the hill and in congress today and on the campaign trail are saying drill, drill, drill. invoking sarah palin again in 2008, drill baby, drill. and the democratic response to that has been a concept called use it or lose it, right? that oil companies in this country have to sell a lot of acres and are just kind of sitting on them. i wanted to ask you this because it is such a wonderful job in this book, saying that you can politics, policy this all day long but when it comes down to the technology to get the oil that you want to get. is use it or lose it a viable comment? >> guest: it is much more in the current political arena. i do understand the concept actually because i mean, companies don't have an incentive to just sit on resources up. it takes time because on the other hand you don't want them rushing into the gulf and drilling without having you know, dotted every i and crossed every tv. so i think they're there are long times in the energy business that you might be given a project today and you won't see that producing in 15 years and you h
republicans on the one hand from the hill and in congress today and on the campaign trail are saying drill, drill, drill. invoking sarah palin again in 2008, drill baby, drill. and the democratic response to that has been a concept called use it or lose it, right? that oil companies in this country have to sell a lot of acres and are just kind of sitting on them. i wanted to ask you this because it is such a wonderful job in this book, saying that you can politics, policy this all day long but...
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no enforcement in libraries but he wants to talk to congress. he's not allowed time and that is a great place to in because the only place in the spoke with my public service. thank you very much. thank you thank you. .. interview several professors who have written recent books. over the next few sundays we will be airing these interviews beginning at 1:00 p.m. eastern. this we can we talked with meredith lair, author of .. the politics of size, representation in than 90 -- of united states 1776-1850. for a complete schedule and the list of other george mason university interviews go to booktv.org. >> you are watching book tv on c-span2, 48 hours of nonfiction books every weekend. we are on the campus of george mason university in fairfax, virginia, on the outskirts of washington d.c. for our universities series. we had the chance to come to some universities and talk with professors to have ultimately let's as you might not have heard about. joining us now is meredith lair, a history professor here at gm you. her book is not quite out yet, but
no enforcement in libraries but he wants to talk to congress. he's not allowed time and that is a great place to in because the only place in the spoke with my public service. thank you very much. thank you thank you. .. interview several professors who have written recent books. over the next few sundays we will be airing these interviews beginning at 1:00 p.m. eastern. this we can we talked with meredith lair, author of .. the politics of size, representation in than 90 -- of united states...
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congress is one of the least popular institutions in the united states. and yet an infinite number of congress has a 95% probability of reelection. why is that? that's because the politicians have chosen their voters. the voters are not choosing the politicians. they choose their voters by gerrymandering. they rig the system so they don't really have to answer to so many people. and two gave -- and who do they favor? we have a rhetorical question. journalist would have us believe that president obama wants to raise taxes on the rich, and that's republicans want to cut benefits to the poor. we prefer to express that differently. president obama wants to raise taxes on republican voters, and republicans want to cut benefits to democratic voters. because that doesn't cost their constituents anything. it helps to enrich their position except for the other guy. >> host: the subtitle of your book is "why bad behavior is almost always good politics." can you talk a little bit about perhaps some of the exceptions to this over all three? why is it almost always? >
congress is one of the least popular institutions in the united states. and yet an infinite number of congress has a 95% probability of reelection. why is that? that's because the politicians have chosen their voters. the voters are not choosing the politicians. they choose their voters by gerrymandering. they rig the system so they don't really have to answer to so many people. and two gave -- and who do they favor? we have a rhetorical question. journalist would have us believe that president...
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because roosevelt wanted to take america off the gold standard congress passed the law that abrogated all contracts to be settled in the cold. there was so much attention joe kennedy's office especially had an executive order with the supreme court ruled against it. of that was to happen that would affect the stock pushed the stock exchange but this was just before it at all the new deal initiatives. the supreme court said it is wrong in it is a legal with the contracts but those of reassert running on today silvery uphold that. [laughter] >> as a very important figure, if you present him in the context is that behavior consistent? >> we did talk about that. >> and has pointed out he was the man who renamed it boulder dam and then go to buy the republicans in congress and was very characteristic and you is also very suspicious of hoover that he was out there to undermine the new deal. and the focus was entirely wrong. the very important in part because he was the new cabinet members you were there for all 12 years it was an important aid and by sir one that he didn't always take serio
because roosevelt wanted to take america off the gold standard congress passed the law that abrogated all contracts to be settled in the cold. there was so much attention joe kennedy's office especially had an executive order with the supreme court ruled against it. of that was to happen that would affect the stock pushed the stock exchange but this was just before it at all the new deal initiatives. the supreme court said it is wrong in it is a legal with the contracts but those of reassert...