hello, i'm christian fraser. you're watching context on bbc news. turkey's president hails "signficant progress" at face—to—face talks between russia and ukraine. in istanbul, russian officials said they will "drastically reduce combat operations" around kyiv and the city of chernihiv. it as a redeployment, not a withdrawal.

at least five people have been shot dead on the outskirts of tel aviv, it's the latest in a series of deadly attacks in israel 20 police fines for breaking lockdown rules in downing street and at uk government events. borisjohnson hasn't received one, but police say there could be more. tonight with the context, the former uk national security adviser lord peter ricketts and the republican strategist rina shah. hello, welcome to the programme. the ukrainian foreign minister warned his negotiators who'd travelled to istanbul for talks today not to eat, drink or touch anything that had come into contact with those representing the kremlin. there to meet them was the russian oligarch roman abramovich, seemingly recovered from the chemical poisoning he reportedly suffered in the previous round of talks. the level of suspicion does not augur well for the future of these negotiations. but the russians did make a noticeable concession today. they have pledged to withdraw their forces from around the capital kyiv, which they have sold to the ukrainians as a confidence—building measure. translation: the ministry of defence i of the russian federation has taken l the decision to drastically reduce combat operations in the kyiv and chernihiv areas in order to boost mutual trust and create

the conditions for further negotiations and signing of the agreement. but how much of that is a reflection of the current state of play in the north? the advance towards kyiv stalled weeks ago. in fact, in some areas it was already in reverse, with the russian units giving up large parts of makariv, irpin, and trostyanets to the west of the capital. chernihiv to the north of kyiv has been battered by russian shelling since the very first day of the invasion. the city's mayor says 400 residents have been killed so far. but since the announcement in istanbul this morning, the ukrainians say they are starting to see the withdrawal of some russian units. that said, the foreign ministry in moscow later qualified what was happening. for now, washington is reserving judgment on what this amounts to and how it should be viewed. this is it redeployment and we should — this is it redeployment and we should all be clear about what is happening on the ground. here's the us secretary of state, anthony blinken, speaking in morocco a little earlier. there is what russia says,

and there is what russia does. we're focused on the latter. and what russia's doing is the continued brutalisation of ukraine and its people. and that continues as we speak. he is right to remain sceptical. while russian negotiators in istanbul were telling the ukrainians they would be moving troops away from the northern cities, chernihiv was being hit again. anna a n na foster anna foster is in lviv near the polish border. i submit the ukrainians should be wise to be sceptical of what the russians are offering them?— sceptical of what the russians are offering them? they should be. the first set of talks _ offering them? they should be. the first set of talks happened - offering them? they should be. the first set of talks happened in - first set of talks happened in belarus, a russian allied country. a lot of stock was put in this before

they started today, before these talks happened. to keep very much setting itself up as an intermediary, a potential mediator between these two countries but what is really crucial is not what is said after these talks. different delegation saying what they have promised and what they were hoping to do, it is very much going to be all about what happens on the ground nearin all about what happens on the ground near in ukraine. as he reflecting there, even as these talks were being warmly welcomed them progress was being discussed, there were still attacks happening here in ukraine. we have still had several air raid sirens today. in the town of mykolaiv, nine people were killed in a russian air strike on an office building in the pictures of that are striking. i use office building with a hole punched right through it where you can see the sky from side to side. what russia has offered to some of away from kyiv as he was saying and the defence of their has already stalled. one might wonder if richard really wanted to show some

sort of concession, they would perhaps set up a meaningful unitarian court or out of mariupol with the mayor their essays they are on the verge of a humanitarian disaster and they would want to evacuate the civilians that are still there. you might think that if the russians want to show intent, they would pick something that is perhaps for many for the action they are doing already. in terms of what people in ukraine think about it, there is a healthy sense of criticism. i went yesterday to the territorial defence here in ukraine and this lovely old home guard basically, ordinary people, ordinary men and the main who would ever fire up men and the main who would ever fire up as before and i with them training and learning how to handle these rifles and they did not know how to load and did not know how to make safe shooting targets and getting training from the ukrainian army. and when you talk to those men and you say how do you think this will end? they are prepared to keep those weapons, to use them if they need to end the fight to the end. i think people here have felt this

swelling sense of pride at the way ukrainian forces in parts of the country have been able to repel russian forces and push them back. will they accept large concessions on the ukrainian side? i'm not sure they will also but the moment, they are betting in for a long conflict and i think you will solidify somebody here at the moment he really feels like these talks are at the beginning of a meaningful cease—fire or indeed the end of the war. cease-fire or indeed the end of the war. , ., ., ., cease-fire or indeed the end of the war. , ., , . war. yes, that looks very much to be like their preparation _ war. yes, that looks very much to be like their preparation still— war. yes, that looks very much to be like their preparation still be - war. yes, that looks very much to be like their preparation still be made . like their preparation still be made for war on the ground rather than peace. thank you very much. there were some qualifying remarks in moscow today. saying the escalation does not mean a cease—fire in there is still some fairly belligerent language coming from the kremlin. yes, beware of russians bearing gifts, _ yes, beware of russians bearing gifts, i_ yes, beware of russians bearing gifts, i think most of her car before — gifts, i think most of her car before the conflict broke out, weeks of denial_

before the conflict broke out, weeks of denial of— before the conflict broke out, weeks of denial of any question of the invasion— of denial of any question of the invasion of ukraine suresh is a proven— invasion of ukraine suresh is a proven capable of bald—faced lying also i think this is a recognition of reality— also i think this is a recognition of reality dressed up as a concession. and they are now having to concentrate their resources on the east — to concentrate their resources on the east in — to concentrate their resources on the east in the south and i think we are a long — the east in the south and i think we are a long way from the end of this conflict _ are a long way from the end of this conflict yet — are a long way from the end of this conflict yet and ukraine has got a lot of— conflict yet and ukraine has got a lot of fighting to do to get to any kind of stalemate or the possibility of a real— kind of stalemate or the possibility of a real cease—fire. but kind of stalemate or the possibility of a real cease-fire.— of a real cease-fire. but there is alwa s a of a real cease-fire. but there is always a point — of a real cease-fire. but there is always a point of _ of a real cease-fire. but there is always a point of diplomacy - of a real cease-fire. but there is always a point of diplomacy and | always a point of diplomacy and that's what the french president keep saying, keep the negotiation going forward. do you put any store in what the russians might be discussing here particularly when it pertains to the ukraine in their future neutrality? i pertains to the ukraine in their future neutrality?— pertains to the ukraine in their future neutrality? i will not take direction from _ future neutrality? i will not take direction from macron _ future neutrality? i will not take direction from macron here. - future neutrality? i will not take direction from macron here. i. future neutrality? i will not take i direction from macron here. i think we have _ direction from macron here. i think we have learned _ direction from macron here. i think we have learned that _ direction from macron here. i think we have learned that democracy i we have learned that democracy failed _ we have learned that democracy failed here — we have learned that democracy failed here as _ we have learned that democracy failed here as in _ we have learned that democracy failed here as in the _ we have learned that democracy failed here as in the fifth - we have learned that democracy failed here as in the fifth week. we have learned that democracyl failed here as in the fifth week of this invasion, while _ failed here as in the fifth week of this invasion, while they- failed here as in the fifth week of this invasion, while they were . this invasion, while they were giimmers _ this invasion, while they were giimmers of— this invasion, while they were glimmers of hope _ this invasion, while they were glimmers of hope from - this invasion, while they were i glimmers of hope from istanbul, this invasion, while they were - glimmers of hope from istanbul, we really— glimmers of hope from istanbul, we really know— glimmers of hope from istanbul, we really know that _ glimmers of hope from istanbul, we really know that we _ glimmers of hope from istanbul, we really know that we just _ glimmers of hope from istanbul, we really know that we just cannot -

glimmers of hope from istanbul, we really know that we just cannot takej really know that we just cannot take putin's_ really know that we just cannot take putin's were — really know that we just cannot take putin's were tearful— really know that we just cannot take putin's were tearful to _ really know that we just cannot take putin's were tearful to the - really know that we just cannot take putin's were tearful to the reality. putin's were tearful to the reality is what _ putin's were tearful to the reality is what do — putin's were tearful to the reality is what do ukrainian _ putin's were tearful to the reality is what do ukrainian negotiatorsl is what do ukrainian negotiators want they— is what do ukrainian negotiators want. they want _ is what do ukrainian negotiators want. they want to _ is what do ukrainian negotiators want. they want to strike - is what do ukrainian negotiators want. they want to strike the i want. they want to strike the balance, _ want. they want to strike the balance, looking _ want. they want to strike the balance, looking for- want. they want to strike the balance, looking for saying i want. they want to strike the balance, looking for saying if| want. they want to strike the i balance, looking for saying if not naio _ balance, looking for saying if not naio then — balance, looking for saying if not naio then why _ balance, looking for saying if not nato then why not _ balance, looking for saying if not nato then why not entering i balance, looking for saying if not nato then why not entering the i balance, looking for saying if not i nato then why not entering the eu potentially commit _ nato then why not entering the eu potentially commit which - nato then why not entering the eu potentially commit which is - nato then why not entering the eu potentially commit which is an i potentially commit which is an economic— potentially commit which is an economic blocking _ potentially commit which is an economic blocking in - potentially commit which is an economic blocking in a - potentially commit which is an| economic blocking in a military block — economic blocking in a military block that's _ economic blocking in a military block. that's important, - economic blocking in a military block. that's important, but i economic blocking in a military. block. that's important, but again economic blocking in a military- block. that's important, but again i think— block. that's important, but again i think they— block. that's important, but again i think they are — block. that's important, but again i think they are negotiating - block. that's important, but again i think they are negotiating in - block. that's important, but again i think they are negotiating in good i think they are negotiating in good faith with — think they are negotiating in good faith with a — think they are negotiating in good faith with a bad _ think they are negotiating in good faith with a bad faith _ think they are negotiating in good faith with a bad faith factor. - think they are negotiating in good| faith with a bad faith factor. there is so _ faith with a bad faith factor. there is so much — faith with a bad faith factor. there is so much here _ faith with a bad faith factor. there is so much here and _ faith with a bad faith factor. there is so much here and i— faith with a bad faith factor. there is so much here and i agree - faith with a bad faith factor. there is so much here and i agree with. is so much here and i agree with lord _ is so much here and i agree with lord rickets, _ is so much here and i agree with lord rickets, there _ is so much here and i agree with lord rickets, there are _ is so much here and i agree with lord rickets, there are so - is so much here and i agree with lord rickets, there are so manyl lord rickets, there are so many barriers — lord rickets, there are so many barriers before _ lord rickets, there are so many barriers before we _ lord rickets, there are so many barriers before we can - lord rickets, there are so many barriers before we can eu - barriers before we can eu potentially _ barriers before we can eu potentially get _ barriers before we can eu potentially get to - barriers before we can eu potentially get to real i potentially get to real de—escalation - potentially get to real de—escalation and i potentially get to real i de—escalation and potential potentially get to real _ de—escalation and potential peace and end _ de—escalation and potential peace and end of— de—escalation and potential peace and end of conflict, _ de—escalation and potential peace and end of conflict, so— de—escalation and potential peace and end of conflict, so it's - de—escalation and potential peace and end of conflict, so it's going l and end of conflict, so it's going to be _ and end of conflict, so it's going to be really— and end of conflict, so it's going to be really important _ and end of conflict, so it's going to be really important to - and end of conflict, so it's going to be really important to watchl to be really important to watch zetensky— to be really important to watch zetensky and _ to be really important to watch zelensky and putin _ to be really important to watch zelensky and putin here - to be really important to watch i zelensky and putin here because zetensky— zelensky and putin here because zetensky went _ zelensky and putin here because zelensky went to _ zelensky and putin here because zelensky went to see _ zelensky and putin here because zelensky went to see control- zelensky and putin here because zelensky went to see control of. zelensky went to see control of dohhas— zelensky went to see control of donhas and _ zelensky went to see control of donbas and give _ zelensky went to see control of donbas and give putin - zelensky went to see control of. donbas and give putin something. that will— donbas and give putin something. that will be — donbas and give putin something. that will be a _ donbas and give putin something. that will be a bridge _ donbas and give putin something. that will be a bridge too _ donbas and give putin something. that will be a bridge too far- donbas and give putin something. that will be a bridge too far and ii that will be a bridge too far and i think— that will be a bridge too far and i think what— that will be a bridge too far and i think what is— that will be a bridge too far and i think what is the _ that will be a bridge too far and i think what is the american - that will be a bridge too far and i think what is the american role l that will be a bridge too far and i| think what is the american role in all this, _ think what is the american role in all this, are — think what is the american role in all this, are we _ think what is the american role in all this, are we at _ think what is the american role in all this, are we at the _ think what is the american role in all this, are we at the table - think what is the american role in all this, are we at the table with i all this, are we at the table with putin or— all this, are we at the table with putin or not i_ all this, are we at the table with putin or not. i don't— all this, are we at the table with putin or not. i don't know. i all this, are we at the table with putin or not. i don't know. at i all this, are we at the table with. putin or not. i don't know. at this point, we — putin or not. i don't know. at this point, we just— putin or not. idon't know. at this point, we just do— putin or not. i don't know. at this point, we just do not— putin or not. i don't know. at this point, we just do not know. - putin or not. i don't know. at this point, we just do not know. let'sl point, we 'ust do not know. let's ick u- point, we just do not know. let's pick on some _ point, we just do not know. let's pick on some of— point, we just do not know. let's pick up some of those _ point, we just do not know. pick up some of those themes.

jonathan powell was the british governement chief negotiator in northern ireland. he'd also worked on the negotiations to return hong kong to china, the arms control talks with the soviet union and he was there for the talks on german reunification. he now heads up the charity he founded, inter mediate, which deals with conflict resolution around the world. welcome to the programme. this might be a really basic question, but what is the essential ingredient for a piece negotiation? for is the essential ingredient for a piece negotiation?— is the essential ingredient for a piece negotiation? for a successful iece piece negotiation? for a successful piece negotiation, _ piece negotiation? for a successful piece negotiation, academics i piece negotiation? for a successful piece negotiation, academics think| piece negotiation, academics think you need something called a mutually hurting stalemate. notjust a stomach or both sides are hurting and need to get out of it. in northern ireland, we had a stalemate for a long time but did not become mutually hurting until the 1980s and in libya or i went as envoy for david cameron, there was a stomach but no mutually hurting stalemate. i don't see that existing in ukraine yet. for putin as opposed to the ukrainians or the russian soldiers, it is not mutually hurting and i see no evidence he is serious about negotiation yet. you no evidence he is serious about negotiation yet.— no evidence he is serious about

negotiation yet. you probably look at what happened _ negotiation yet. you probably look at what happened in _ negotiation yet. you probably look at what happened in syria - negotiation yet. you probably look at what happened in syria and i negotiation yet. you probably look at what happened in syria and the | at what happened in syria and the steps that they took in syria to advance a sort of fake discussion about diplomacy to give the troops some space to regroup and advance. is that what you think is going on here? .. , . , is that what you think is going on here? , g , ~ here? exactly. just like in astonishment, _ here? exactly. just like in astonishment, they i here? exactly. just like in astonishment, they had i here? exactly. just like in _ astonishment, they had negotiations that looked like negotiations. they use negotiations as a weapon. they use negotiations as a weapon. they use them to gather intelligence, see what concessions in this i will put forward and so far all the concessions from nato have come from the ukrainian side was that they use them to dispel pressure on them for them to dispel pressure on them for the terrible things they are doing, and for their allies like china and india so it's a weapon and not really in negotiation. if india so it's a weapon and not really in negotiation.- india so it's a weapon and not really in negotiation. if there is a bad faith after— really in negotiation. if there is a bad faith after sitting _ really in negotiation. if there is a bad faith after sitting on - really in negotiation. if there is a bad faith after sitting on the i bad faith after sitting on the opposite side of the table, is it still useful in terms of ukraine setting out what his position is going to be? and they use the time easily to gather a coalition of the willing that might sometime in the future when russia is ready to talk be there to guarantee its security?

i think they are sensible to keep trying to negotiate. you never know when putin will be ready to engage if he ever is, so they are right to keep probing and keep trying and of course ukrainian people need to see some hope of an end of this conflict they are the ones who are suffering so i think they are right to keep trying. and it may be that at some stage, the pressure on putin does become impossible and he does start negotiating. the event they have to be careful not to concede too much too early and i think on nato, for as i become backed by the grainy people and you see that from the polls but if they start to setting things on territory, that would not be back for the people. so then he be back for the people. so then he be careful and need to think about the structure of this negotiation because it won'tjust be a bilateral ukrainian and russian negotiation. the rest of the west will have to be involved in the people are going to give the security guarantees to the ukrainians, they want to ask or 5—star guarantee of safety and that will come from the us, uk etc if ever offered. they would negotiate

with the us and of course if those countries will have to live sessions which is what putin principal while in the end if this is much work obligated three and eight —— three by negotiation or not i bilateral think we are going through the moment. i’m think we are going through the moment. �* , , , ., , ., moment. i'm slightly puzzled as to why ukraine _ moment. i'm slightly puzzled as to why ukraine would _ moment. i'm slightly puzzled as to why ukraine would put _ moment. i'm slightly puzzled as to why ukraine would put any - moment. i'm slightly puzzled as to why ukraine would put any faith i moment. i'm slightly puzzled as to why ukraine would put any faith in| why ukraine would put any faith in article five style resolution when the budapest memorandum they signed and 94 with the us, the uk and russia was practically ignored. when will they put any faith in a future agreement that guarantees their security? agreement that guarantees their securi ? �* , ., , security? and why would they get one? what _ security? and why would they get one? what they are _ security? and why would they get one? what they are asking - security? and why would they get one? what they are asking for. security? and why would they get one? what they are asking for is. one? what they are asking for is a security— one? what they are asking for is a security guarantee which goes beyond nato article five because they are asking _ nato article five because they are asking for a legally binding agreement which would include enforcing a no—fly zone in the case of further— enforcing a no—fly zone in the case of further aggression in that as we have heard takes you straight to wan _ have heard takes you straight to wan the — have heard takes you straight to war. the nato treaty is a political commitment and they are asking for a very firm security guarantee so that's— very firm security guarantee so that's a — very firm security guarantee so that's a problem and i think there is an— that's a problem and i think there is an enormous problem when the

structure — is an enormous problem when the structure of— is an enormous problem when the structure of any negotiation. i can see that _ structure of any negotiation. i can see that putin might want to get the point where he ok to accept russian cohtrol_ point where he ok to accept russian control over — point where he ok to accept russian control over the east and the south and the _ control over the east and the south and the core door leading down to crimea _ and the core door leading down to crimea he — and the core door leading down to crimea. he cannot see training government that was able to accept partition— government that was able to accept partition of the country in imputation like that. sol partition of the country in imputation like that. so i think when — imputation like that. so i think when it— imputation like that. so i think when it gets to territorial concessions, if the russians while a cease-fire _ concessions, if the russians while a cease-fire in— concessions, if the russians while a cease—fire in place, you have what you hold, that is going to be very difficult for kyiv and we have not begun to — difficult for kyiv and we have not begun to get there yet. and difficult for kyiv and we have not begun to get there yet.- begun to get there yet. and of course post — begun to get there yet. and of course post the _ begun to get there yet. and of course post the donald - begun to get there yet. and of course post the donald trump| begun to get there yet. and of- course post the donald trump years, there would be suspicion in europe as to whether america would come to the eight of ukraine if it were faced from further aggression from a nuclear power? it faced from further aggression from a nuclear power?— faced from further aggression from a nuclear power? it seems that many in washinuton nuclear power? it seems that many in washington have _ nuclear power? it seems that many in washington have amnesia _ nuclear power? it seems that many in washington have amnesia about i nuclear power? it seems that many in washington have amnesia about the i washington have amnesia about the past few— washington have amnesia about the past few years — washington have amnesia about the past few years and _ washington have amnesia about the past few years and how— washington have amnesia about the past few years and how it donald i past few years and how it donald trump dealt _ past few years and how it donald trump dealt with _ past few years and how it donald trump dealt with everything i past few years and how it donald trump dealt with everything thatj past few years and how it donald i trump dealt with everything that led us at this— trump dealt with everything that led us at this moment. _ trump dealt with everything that led us at this moment. and _ trump dealt with everything that led us at this moment. and i— trump dealt with everything that led us at this moment. and i don't i trump dealt with everything that led us at this moment. and i don't wishl us at this moment. and i don't wish to put— us at this moment. and i don't wish to put it _ us at this moment. and i don't wish to put it on — us at this moment. and i don't wish to put it on one _ us at this moment. and i don't wish to put it on one administration or. to put it on one administration or one—man because _ to put it on one administration or one—man because right— to put it on one administration or one—man because right now- to put it on one administration or one—man because right now we i to put it on one administration or. one—man because right now we are hearing _ one—man because right now we are hearing somebody _ one—man because right now we are hearing somebody say _

one—man because right now we are hearing somebody say this - one—man because right now we are hearing somebody say this was i one—man because right now we are hearing somebody say this was the | hearing somebody say this was the joe hearing somebody say this was the joe biden— hearing somebody say this was the joe biden administration _ hearing somebody say this was the joe biden administration with i hearing somebody say this was the joe biden administration with a i hearing somebody say this was the | joe biden administration with a way to bear— joe biden administration with a way to bear on— joe biden administration with a way to bear on its— joe biden administration with a way to bear on its shoulders _ joe biden administration with a way to bear on its shoulders and - joe biden administration with a way to bear on its shoulders and how. to bear on its shoulders and how they— to bear on its shoulders and how they dealt with _ to bear on its shoulders and how they dealt with this _ to bear on its shoulders and how they dealt with this past - to bear on its shoulders and how they dealt with this past many. they dealt with this past many months — they dealt with this past many months of— they dealt with this past many months of trying _ they dealt with this past many months of trying to _ they dealt with this past manyj months of trying to potentially negotiate _ months of trying to potentially negotiate with _ months of trying to potentially negotiate with a _ months of trying to potentially negotiate with a madman. i months of trying to potentiallyl negotiate with a madman. how months of trying to potentially- negotiate with a madman. how do you do that— negotiate with a madman. how do you do that and _ negotiate with a madman. how do you do that and walk _ negotiate with a madman. how do you do that and walk away _ negotiate with a madman. how do you do that and walk away from _ negotiate with a madman. how do you do that and walk away from that - negotiate with a madman. how do you do that and walk away from that with i do that and walk away from that with any degree _ do that and walk away from that with any degree of structure? _ do that and walk away from that with any degree of structure? you - do that and walk away from that with any degree of structure? you don't. i any degree of structure? you don't. we are _ any degree of structure? you don't. we are entering— any degree of structure? you don't. we are entering an _ any degree of structure? you don't. we are entering an entirely- any degree of structure? you don't. we are entering an entirely new. any degree of structure? you don't. we are entering an entirely new eraj we are entering an entirely new era of american — we are entering an entirely new era of american diplomacy— we are entering an entirely new era of american diplomacy and - we are entering an entirely new era l of american diplomacy and redefining what american — of american diplomacy and redefining what american military— of american diplomacy and redefining what american military might - of american diplomacy and redefining what american military might look i what american military might look like. what american military might look like we _ what american military might look like we know— what american military might look like. we know the _ what american military might look like. we know the supreme - like. we know the supreme commander of nato _ like. we know the supreme commander of nato and _ like. we know the supreme commander of nato and our— like. we know the supreme commander of nato and our military— like. we know the supreme commander of nato and our military men— like. we know the supreme commander of nato and our military men on- of nato and our military men on capitol— of nato and our military men on capitol hill talking _ of nato and our military men on capitol hill talking about - of nato and our military men on capitol hill talking about what l of nato and our military men on capitol hill talking about what it may mean — capitol hill talking about what it may mean to have _ capitol hill talking about what it may mean to have more - capitol hill talking about what it may mean to have more boots i capitol hill talking about what it i may mean to have more boots on the ground _ may mean to have more boots on the ground in europe _ may mean to have more boots on the ground in europe in— may mean to have more boots on the ground in europe in days— may mean to have more boots on the ground in europe in days moving i ground in europe in days moving forward — ground in europe in days moving forward and _ ground in europe in days moving forward and whether— ground in europe in days moving forward and whether it's - ground in europe in days moving i forward and whether it's permanent, temporary _ forward and whether it's permanent, temporary. we — forward and whether it's permanent, temporary. we are _ forward and whether it's permanent, temporary. we are just— forward and whether it's permanent, temporary. we are just in— forward and whether it's permanent, temporary. we are just in such - forward and whether it's permanent, temporary. we are just in such a i temporary. we are just in such a mode _ temporary. we are just in such a mode of— temporary. we are just in such a mode of uncertainty— temporary. we are just in such a mode of uncertainty and - temporary. we are just in such a mode of uncertainty and i- temporary. we are just in such a mode of uncertainty and i think. mode of uncertainty and i think right— mode of uncertainty and i think right now— mode of uncertainty and i think right now what _ mode of uncertainty and i think right now what putin _ mode of uncertainty and i think right now what putin wants, i mode of uncertainty and i think right now what putin wants, hej mode of uncertainty and i think . right now what putin wants, he is sort of— right now what putin wants, he is sort of getting _ right now what putin wants, he is sort of getting. he _ right now what putin wants, he is sort of getting. he is— right now what putin wants, he is sort of getting. he is getting i right now what putin wants, he is sort of getting. he is getting a i sort of getting. he is getting a little bit — sort of getting. he is getting a little bit of— sort of getting. he is getting a little bit of the _ sort of getting. he is getting a little bit of the chaos - sort of getting. he is getting a little bit of the chaos from i sort of getting. he is getting a i little bit of the chaos from over here _ little bit of the chaos from over here in — little bit of the chaos from over here in washington _ little bit of the chaos from over here in washington as - little bit of the chaos from over here in washington as well i little bit of the chaos from over i here in washington as well about joe bidens— here in washington as well about joe biden's remarks. _ here in washington as well about joe biden's remarks. were _ here in washington as well about joe biden's remarks. were they- here in washington as well about joe biden's remarks. were they a - here in washington as well about joe biden's remarks. were they a gap i biden's remarks. were they a gap and should _ biden's remarks. were they a gap and should the _ biden's remarks. were they a gap and should the white _ biden's remarks. were they a gap and should the white house _ biden's remarks. were they a gap and should the white house walk - biden's remarks. were they a gap and should the white house walk back- should the white house walk back what he _ should the white house walk back what he said? _ should the white house walk back what he said? this _ should the white house walk back what he said? this is _ should the white house walk back what he said? this is all— should the white house walk back what he said? this is all really- what he said? this is all really terrible — what he said? this is all really terrible for _ what he said? this is all really terrible for ukraine _ what he said? this is all really terrible for ukraine at - what he said? this is all really terrible for ukraine at the i what he said? this is all really terrible for ukraine at the end | what he said? this is all really. terrible for ukraine at the end of the day— terrible for ukraine at the end of the day and _ terrible for ukraine at the end of the day and into _ terrible for ukraine at the end of the day and into we _ terrible for ukraine at the end of the day and into we plant - terrible for ukraine at the end of the day and into we plant a i terrible for ukraine at the end of the day and into we plant a flagl terrible for ukraine at the end of. the day and into we plant a flag and say this— the day and into we plant a flag and say this is— the day and into we plant a flag and say this is how— the day and into we plant a flag and

say this is how this white _ the day and into we plant a flag and say this is how this white house i say this is how this white house chooses — say this is how this white house chooses to— say this is how this white house chooses to move _ say this is how this white house chooses to move forward, - say this is how this white house chooses to move forward, we i say this is how this white house i chooses to move forward, we are at a loss _ chooses to move forward, we are at a loss so all _ chooses to move forward, we are at a loss so all we — chooses to move forward, we are at a loss. so all we can do— chooses to move forward, we are at a loss. so all we can do at _ chooses to move forward, we are at a loss. so all we can do at this - loss. so all we can do at this moment— loss. so all we can do at this moment is give _ loss. so all we can do at this moment is give ukrainians . loss. so all we can do at this i moment is give ukrainians the loss. so all we can do at this - moment is give ukrainians the tools they need _ moment is give ukrainians the tools they need to — moment is give ukrainians the tools they need to fight _ moment is give ukrainians the tools they need to fight back. _ moment is give ukrainians the tools they need to fight back.— they need to fight back. jonathan, ou don't they need to fight back. jonathan, you don't seem — they need to fight back. jonathan, you don't seem to _ they need to fight back. jonathan, you don't seem to put _ they need to fight back. jonathan, you don't seem to put much i they need to fight back. jonathan, i you don't seem to put much hope in the peace talks at this moment. are you able to put a time span on it? is there anything that would give you a clue as to how long this is going to take? the you a clue as to how long this is going to take?— you a clue as to how long this is going to take? the only thing i can say is these _ going to take? the only thing i can say is these things _ going to take? the only thing i can say is these things always - going to take? the only thing i can say is these things always take - say is these things always take longer than you think. but the trouble is for the ukrainians of course, they are busy suffering in all this was of the danger is the one that peter alerted to earlier which is what putin may well try to do when he realises he cannot gain the whole country is he may try and settle for i will give you a cease—fire is talking to people and we all just there cease—fire is talking to people and we alljust there br and have a frozen conflict another ten years and that's what he did in 2014 that we much more territory was not doing that he will make it impossible for ukraine to move forward in security terms, and economic terms to move

towards the eu so he likes to have these running sores as he has in georgia and elsewhere and mulled over with transnet straight to try and keep pressure on these countries and keep pressure on these countries and stop them developing successful democracies as they want. that is the biggest danger we are facing in the biggest danger we are facing in the moment and may well be the most likely outcome. fin the moment and may well be the most likely outcome-— likely outcome. on the final issue commit would you _ likely outcome. on the final issue commit would you say _ likely outcome. on the final issue commit would you say that - likely outcome. on the final issue commit would you say that in - likely outcome. on the final issue | commit would you say that in order to bring russia to the table as the foreign secretary was saying here yesterday, the sanctions would have to stay in place particularly if russia occupies any territory in ukraine? , , ., . , ukraine? this is what the western countries and _ ukraine? this is what the western countries and nothing _ ukraine? this is what the western countries and nothing of _ ukraine? this is what the western countries and nothing of any - countries and nothing of any government who can live sessions. 50 it's a bit like the negotiations in venezuela where you have the american sanctions and the democratic parties and you venezuela negotiating. it's a negotiation so many ways the difficult negotiations to be between the ukrainians in the west who will say we are not living sanctions are not given the security guarantees as peterjust said. unless conditions are met that we want and that will apply the

pressure necessary to putin but we must also not get ourselves where we are waging a war to the last ukrainian in order to get rid of putin. that's not fair and when to let the ukrainians settle when they want to settle. to let the ukrainians settle when they want to settle.— want to settle. to talk to you and thank ou want to settle. to talk to you and thank you for— want to settle. to talk to you and thank you for being _ want to settle. to talk to you and thank you for being with - want to settle. to talk to you and thank you for being with us, - thank you for being with us, jonathan powell. breaking news in the last hour there have been five people killed in tel aviv in the third deadly attack of the past week. let's speak... let's speak to our middle east correspondent yolande knell. victims we re found on the payment and one found a car and there is video on a social media showing a man dressed

in black shouting in arabic and brandishing an assault rifle as he walked around a street. a police spokesperson and said the attacker was shot dead by officers and their continuing to search for others who may have helped him in the area. we are hearing that he is a palestinian who come from the north of the occupied west bank. some reports that he was affiliated with a palestinian militant group and certainly palestinian social media have been sharing a picture of this man in his mid—20s saying that he is the one responsible. the man in his mid-20s saying that he is the one responsible.— the one responsible. the third attack in a _ the one responsible. the third attack in a week. _ the one responsible. the third attack in a week. thank - the one responsible. the third attack in a week. thank you i the one responsible. the third i attack in a week. thank you very much indeed for that update. parties in downing street are back on the agenda, but for first time in the partygate saga, confirmation that coronavirus laws were broken by government officials, but we don't know by who.

so what do we know, the metropolitan police are investigating 12 events that may have breached coronavirus rules, at least three attended by borisjohnson. today, 20 fines have been issued as part of that investigation, with the police saying more fines could still be handed down. downing street has said that it would confirm if the prime minister was facing a fine, and today confirmed they would also reveal if the cabinet secretary, sir simon case, received a fine. to be clear, the parties did breach the rules. to be clear, the parties did breach the rules. 0n the 1st of december last year, the prime minister told the house of commons that no rules were broken in downing street. mr speaker, what i can tell the right honourable gentleman is that all guidance was followed completely during number 10.

i will put on screen the parties they are investigating. there are things we still don't know. some people may have been find it twice. some people may have been find it twice. we don't know if the prime minister knowingly misled the house of commons. if he did, normal convention would dictate he would have to resign. we don't know if he was misled by his officials and in turn misled the house of commons, he would then be expected to come back and correct the record. let's speak to anita boateng, former conservative special adviser in several government departments. that is the key issue. wanted to come to the house on december the 1st until no rules are broken when quite clearly at the met police has decided there were? yes. quite clearly at the met police has decided there were?— decided there were? yes, i think fundamentally _ decided there were? yes, i think fundamentally this _ decided there were? yes, i think fundamentally this is _ decided there were? yes, i think fundamentally this is going - decided there were? yes, i think fundamentally this is going to i decided there were? yes, i think. fundamentally this is going to come into a _ fundamentally this is going to come into a period of quite prolonged pain potentially for number ten and the prime _ pain potentially for number ten and the prime minister because as you 'ust the prime minister because as you just said. — the prime minister because as you just said, we have had 20 finds it so far— just said, we have had 20 finds it so far and — just said, we have had 20 finds it so far and don't know if that is actually— so far and don't know if that is actually 20 individuals or perhaps some individuals got more than one

fixed penalty notice, but there is going _ fixed penalty notice, but there is going to — fixed penalty notice, but there is going to then be a continue of fixed penalty— going to then be a continue of fixed penalty notice is up to the point when _ penalty notice is up to the point when they met police are finished and we _ when they met police are finished and we find out either one of the prime _ and we find out either one of the prime minister or the cabinet secretary— prime minister or the cabinet secretary has received a fixed penalty — secretary has received a fixed penalty notice. then there is report and he _ penalty notice. then there is report and he wrecked members this with us not having _ and he wrecked members this with us not having seen the report yet and again— not having seen the report yet and again that — not having seen the report yet and again that is another kind of important moment which we may get further— important moment which we may get further indications certainly from the tory— further indications certainly from the tory backbenchers whether they feel what _ the tory backbenchers whether they feel what he has done and whether he has for— feel what he has done and whether he has for instance misled the house might— has for instance misled the house might be a — has for instance misled the house might be a factor in their decision about— might be a factor in their decision about whether this is a moment for them _ about whether this is a moment for them to— about whether this is a moment for them to say— about whether this is a moment for them to say we have no confidence in them to say we have no confidence in the prime _ them to say we have no confidence in the prime minister.— the prime minister. would he have to resi . n for the prime minister. would he have to resign for you if _ the prime minister. would he have to resign for you if he _ the prime minister. would he have to resign for you if he was _ the prime minister. would he have to resign for you if he was issued - the prime minister. would he have to resign for you if he was issued a - resign for you if he was issued a fixed penalty notice? i resign for you if he was issued a fixed penalty notice?— fixed penalty notice? i think the notice thing, i _ fixed penalty notice? i think the notice thing, i think— fixed penalty notice? i think the notice thing, i think what - fixed penalty notice? i think the i notice thing, i think what matters is the _ notice thing, i think what matters is the point of principle. those who make _ is the point of principle. those who make the _ is the point of principle. those who make the rules should not break the rules and it — make the rules should not break the rules and it feels to me as though it's clear— rules and it feels to me as though it's clear that mistakes were made and whether there is a fixed penalty

notice _ and whether there is a fixed penalty notice or— and whether there is a fixed penalty notice or not, what it i think which is apology— notice or not, what it i think which is apology and a step, real steps taken _ is apology and a step, real steps taken to— is apology and a step, real steps taken to rebuild trust and confidence in his leadership and we have seen— confidence in his leadership and we have seen some of that for instance through— have seen some of that for instance through the — have seen some of that for instance through the reshaping of number ten but i through the reshaping of number ten but i think— through the reshaping of number ten but i think there will be more to do there _ but i think there will be more to do there around commencing and encouraging tory mps to feel as though— encouraging tory mps to feel as though he does have a right grip on the operation and that he can lead the operation and that he can lead the conservative party into the next election _ the conservative party into the next election |_ the conservative party into the next election. ., ., election. i do recall the report and here is what _ election. i do recall the report and here is what she _ election. i do recall the report and here is what she said _ election. i do recall the report and here is what she said in _ election. i do recall the report and here is what she said in her- here is what she said in her conclusion she cited serious leadership failures which in your line of work in its civil servant speak is near condemnation. this is why she thought there were serious leadership failures because rules were broken.— leadership failures because rules were broken. , . , ., , were broken. yes, laws are broken and it's her— were broken. yes, laws are broken and it's her government _ were broken. yes, laws are broken and it's her government by - were broken. yes, laws are broken and it's her government by those l were broken. yes, laws are broken i and it's her government by those who are making _ and it's her government by those who are making the — and it's her government by those who are making the laws _ and it's her government by those who are making the laws and _ and it's her government by those who are making the laws and making - and it's her government by those who are making the laws and making the i are making the laws and making the rules and _ are making the laws and making the rules and applied _ are making the laws and making the rules and applied one _ are making the laws and making the rules and applied one set _ are making the laws and making the rules and applied one set of- are making the laws and making the rules and applied one set of rules i rules and applied one set of rules themselves— rules and applied one set of rules themselves and _ rules and applied one set of rules themselves and others _ rules and applied one set of rules themselves and others to - rules and applied one set of rules themselves and others to all - rules and applied one set of rules themselves and others to all the i themselves and others to all the rest of— themselves and others to all the

rest of us, — themselves and others to all the rest of us, including _ themselves and others to all the rest of us, including in— themselves and others to all the rest of us, including in our- themselves and others to all the rest of us, including in our most| rest of us, including in our most difficult moments _ rest of us, including in our most difficult moments with - rest of us, including in our most difficult moments with our- rest of us, including in our most| difficult moments with our loved ones _ difficult moments with our loved ones i_ difficult moments with our loved ones idont— difficult moments with our loved ones. i don't think _ difficult moments with our loved ones. i don't think this - difficult moments with our loved ones. i don't think this issue - difficult moments with our loved ones. i don't think this issue is i ones. i don't think this issue is going — ones. i don't think this issue is going to — ones. i don't think this issue is going to he _ ones. i don't think this issue is going to be forgotten - ones. i don't think this issue is going to be forgotten in - ones. i don't think this issue is - going to be forgotten in the country and of— going to be forgotten in the country and of course — going to be forgotten in the country and of course westminster- going to be forgotten in the country and of course westminster and - going to be forgotten in the countryl and of course westminster and what all the _ and of course westminster and what all the moment— and of course westminster and what all the moment and _ and of course westminster and what all the moment and got _ and of course westminster and what all the moment and got another- all the moment and got another massive — all the moment and got another massive preoccupation- all the moment and got another massive preoccupation with - all the moment and got anotheri massive preoccupation with wars all the moment and got another- massive preoccupation with wars and other— massive preoccupation with wars and other things — massive preoccupation with wars and other things putting _ massive preoccupation with wars and other things putting in— massive preoccupation with wars and other things putting in the _ massive preoccupation with wars and other things putting in the context i other things putting in the context of this— other things putting in the context of this is— other things putting in the context of this is going _ other things putting in the context of this is going to— other things putting in the context of this is going to come _ other things putting in the context of this is going to come back- other things putting in the context of this is going to come back and i of this is going to come back and the macro— of this is going to come back and the macro will— of this is going to come back and the macro will report _ of this is going to come back and the macro will report will - of this is going to come back and the macro will report will be - the macro will report will be published when _ the macro will report will be published when the final- the macro will report will be i published when the final police action— published when the final police action is— published when the final police action is over— published when the final police action is over and _ published when the final police action is over and i— published when the final police action is over and i think- published when the final police action is over and i think this . published when the final policej action is over and i think this is still toxic— action is over and i think this is still toxic and i— action is over and i think this is still toxic and i think— action is over and i think this is still toxic and i think it - action is over and i think this is still toxic and i think it is - still toxic and i think it is still a danger for— still toxic and i think it is still a danger for the _ still toxic and i think it is still a danger for the prime - still toxic and i think it is still. a danger for the prime minister and the risk of— a danger for the prime minister and the risk of him _ a danger for the prime minister and the risk of him having _ a danger for the prime minister and the risk of him having misled - the risk of him having misled parliament— the risk of him having misled parliament is— the risk of him having misled parliament is a _ the risk of him having misled parliament is a real- the risk of him having misled parliament is a real one. - the risk of him having misled parliament is a real one. there is a tradition. a — parliament is a real one. there is a tradition, a president _ parliament is a real one. there is a tradition, a president in _ parliament is a real one. there is a tradition, a president in the - parliament is a real one. there is a tradition, a president in the us- parliament is a real one. there is a tradition, a president in the us of. tradition, a president in the us of leaders lying in remaining in office and i can make bill clinton and donald trump as obvious examples who were both flawed, both impeached and both survive and politics moves on andindeed both survive and politics moves on and indeed it has moved on in recent weeks because if you look at the polls, it would seem that boris johnson is having quite a good ukrainian war. he has handled it well. it ukrainian war. he has handled it well. , ~ , �* ., , well. it feels like it is boris johnson poz _ well. it feels like it is boris johnson poz at _ well. it feels like it is boris johnson poz at moma - well. it feels like it is boris johnson poz at moma and l well. it feels like it is boris - johnson poz at moma and it feels like he won't exit stage left because it is as moment so why would he worry about this domestic issue

when on the world stage, he is looking quite like a leader. and that's a problem frankly with our politics the world over. people are losing trust in institutions because of that old phrase rules for the and not for me. and i am really troubled about that when it comes to public health because how else to be about that when it comes to public health because how else to he get people to understand the severity of measures that are important to protect all of us when we live in a society and have a societal packed and if our leaders are not trickling down the leadership that we need, so many of us around the world in an era of fast—moving information, then we are certainly putting our societies and loss and this makes his way across the pond... be more disappointing. g, his way across the pond... be more disappointing-— disappointing. a really good point there because _ disappointing. a really good point there because there _ disappointing. a really good point there because there is _ disappointing. a really good point there because there is for - disappointing. a really good point there because there is forjust - disappointing. a really good point| there because there is forjust the same we cannot trust anything vladimir putin says and there is a russian president pointing at the british prime minister and saying we cannot trust what you say. i’m british prime minister and saying we cannot trust what you say.— cannot trust what you say. i'm not sure we can — cannot trust what you say. i'm not sure we can equate _ cannot trust what you say. i'm not sure we can equate the _ cannot trust what you say. i'm not sure we can equate the prime - sure we can equate the prime minister— sure we can equate the prime minister to sure we can equate the prime ministerto vladimir sure we can equate the prime minister to vladimir putin in terms

of his— minister to vladimir putin in terms of his conduct but that's not to say that this issue is a trivial one is i that this issue is a trivial one is idon't think— that this issue is a trivial one is i don't think it is. but i think in idon't think it is. but i think in terms of— i don't think it is. but i think in terms of his leadership on the role stage. _ terms of his leadership on the role stage, president zelinski has been fulsome _ stage, president zelinski has been fulsome in— stage, president zelinski has been fulsome in him is effusive in his praise _ fulsome in him is effusive in his praise of— fulsome in him is effusive in his praise of the prime minister and the leadership— praise of the prime minister and the leadership shown across europe actually— leadership shown across europe actually in galvanising the response but also _ actually in galvanising the response but also in — actually in galvanising the response but also in taking people with the uk and _ but also in taking people with the uk and beefing up the operation and response _ uk and beefing up the operation and response from europe. nevertheless, ithink— response from europe. nevertheless, i think there _ response from europe. nevertheless, i think there is a really important point _ i think there is a really important point here — i think there is a really important point here about trust and i think that is— point here about trust and i think that is why— point here about trust and i think that is why the prime minister apologise and i think that actually we might— apologise and i think that actually we might see, he will certainly have to come _ we might see, he will certainly have to come back to the house and i imagine — to come back to the house and i imagine that some conservative mps and perhaps some of the more sceptical— and perhaps some of the more sceptical ones will be looking for another— sceptical ones will be looking for another apology from the prime minister— another apology from the prime minister once sue gray has laid bare the full— minister once sue gray has laid bare the full challenges and behaviour that were happening in numberten.| that were happening in numberten. i don't that were happening in numberten. don't want that were happening in numberteni don't want to make a false equivalence between borisjohnson and let me put in but i was being devils advocate but i take your

point fully. thank you very much indeed and don't forget you can get in touch with us and some of the team on twitter. plenty more to come on the programmes are to stay with us. it has been colder today but it's going to feel colder in the next few days. the really cold currently is across the far north of scotland but as we develop this northerly wind, we'll bring down this colder arctic air which leads to some sleet and snow. although there shouldn't have too much of that. we already had some snow falling in the far north of scotland, and this is a sign of what is to come. the colder air comes behind this band of cloud here. it's bringing mostly rain with some sleet and snow over the hills. that is moving away from scotland into northern parts of england and northern ireland, and behind that we get snow and ice in scotland and frosty conditions. not as cold elsewhere, we could have some mist and fog patches forming across england and wales and the south. we should get some sunshine in the south west. this is the main band of cloud

and rain with sleet and snow over the peaks and pennines, and following that some sunshine and also some wintry showers even into the north east of england. temperatures only around 5 degrees in the afternoon, not much better than that in birmingham and norwich. the last mild air in the far south of england. the wetter weather continues to push its way south and as we dig in colder air behind that, it leads to sleet and snow even across southern parts of england. we start off with some widespread frost and icy patches. the last of the sleet and snow clearing away from the south east on thursday and then sunshine and wintry showers, some of those heavy for northern parts of the uk blown in by a stronger wind coming in from the north or north—east. and these are the temperatures we're looking at, not bad out in the west, but in eastern areas 6—7 degrees and with stronger winds, feeling quite a bit colder than that.

probably more of a short sharp shock because the weather calms down a bit on friday as high pressure reduces the number of showers. the winds probably not as strong, but we start widely frosty with some icy patches. some wintry showers, butjust not as many friday. cloud in northern ireland and in scotland, where we have some rain, sleet and snow over the hills. temperatures typically 8—9 degrees and not quite as chilly this weekend.

hello, i'm christian fraser. you're watching context on bbc news. officials on both sides of the atlantic urge caution on russia's pledge to reduce attacks around kyiv and the northern city of chernihiv. it comes as ukraine and russian peace negotiators meet in turkey — ukraine says it would accept neutral status — in return for security guarantees from other countries. germany is on track to be one of the world's biggest military spenders — we'll look at how this could reshape europe and in washington dc & new york — and another 20 cities across the united states — women under the age of 30 are now out—earning their male counterparts. tonight with the context, former uk national security adviser and former permanent representative to nato, lord peter ricketts, and the republican strategist rina

shah. the war in ukraine, has brought been a dramatic shift in germany, not only in its attitudes towards russia, but on what it is now prepared to spend on its own defence. some weeks ago the german government were sending ukraine helmet. today — according to the german defence minister— they are now the second biggest supplier of arms. but is europe ready, are the germany people ready, for their country to assume its position as one of the worlds leading military powers. chancellor sholz says his country will now spend 2% of its gdp on defence in line with the nato target. that would amount to some $80 billion it would make germany the world's third largest spender on defence/ dr toby greene — from bar ilan university — has been looking into the implications of germany's new position on military spending.

welcome to the programme. are the german people ready for this? that is a aood german people ready for this? trust is a good question. when the chancellor made that speech i think it was partly welcomed by the parliamentarians across a broad spectrum but also greeted with some degree of shock. i think he asked the right question. general public in society has been very reticent about the use of force. that's the position it's leadership wanted to take in the years following the second world war and its wanting to spend a lot of money on defence but if the society does not have the will of the political culture behind it and the commitment to use that military force and that's another thing entirely. i think in an age where europeans are increasingly uncertain about where the united states may stand in future conflicts

and that's one of the motivations why the chancellor and other european leaders want to be more self—sufficient in defence and it's notjust self—sufficient in defence and it's not just about spending the money but does the country have the commitment and the rail to wield that military power.— commitment and the rail to wield that military power. that's a good oint. that military power. that's a good point. whatever _ that military power. that's a good point. whatever the _ that military power. that's a good point. whatever the people - that military power. that's a good point. whatever the people think | point. whatever the people think about that you have to have a wheel within government circles as well. if you have greyling capability there is pressure to wield it. the instinct has been when we saw this instinct has been when we saw this in the fight against islamic state has been to hang back and to be a retreating partner in the alliance. do you see that ever—changing with germany leading from the front? l germany leading from the front? 1 don't think it can change germany leading from the front? u don't think it can change overnight. you are right in the campaign against daesh for example it tends to be contribution and the mechanisms kind of roles and very modest in its contribution and that would have to change if germany indeed wants to be able to position

itself as a credible military force able to stand by nato allies and of course all the more important as you see in the last month and that political culture would have to change but it won't change overnight. the equipment that germany would need even if it has the money to spend the german forces cannot be turned into a more credible military force but in that political culture it cannot change overnight. if germany successfully in developing natural military forces and the pressure will build from its european allies to be the one to take a leadership role but that's something that runs against another of the way german leaders have sought to fit position their country in the decades since the second world war and it does have to change for that military commitment to be meaningful. l change for that military commitment to be meaningful.—

to be meaningful. i know this is something _ to be meaningful. i know this is something taken _ to be meaningful. i know this is something taken an _ to be meaningful. i know this is something taken an awful- to be meaningful. i know this is something taken an awful lot i to be meaningful. i know this isj something taken an awful lot of interest in particularly when you are former ambassador in paris. henry kissinger once said that german promenades throughout much of history germany has been added to record or too strong for the peace of europe. but the importance of harnessing german power at this point when they just harnessing german power at this point when theyjust had four years of donald trump and we have a war on the eastern flank of really does come front and centre aaain. ., , , ., , , ., again. it does. generalists were at the epicentre _ again. it does. generalists were at the epicentre of _ again. it does. generalists were at the epicentre of the _ again. it does. generalists were at the epicentre of the cold - again. it does. generalists were at the epicentre of the cold war- again. it does. generalists were at the epicentre of the cold war and l the epicentre of the cold war and after— the epicentre of the cold war and after 1989 west and germany decided it after1989 west and germany decided it was— after 1989 west and germany decided it was going to check out of the defence and security business and concentrate on economic growth and negotiation and dialogue and leave it to people like the british and french— it to people like the british and french and americans to do the hard security— french and americans to do the hard security and — french and americans to do the hard security and invest in defence. that was what _ security and invest in defence. that was what a — security and invest in defence. that was what a generation of germans felt comfortable with. and that cannot — felt comfortable with. and that cannot change overnight. absolutely. what chancellor schultz has done is

a stunning — what chancellor schultz has done is a stunning transformation. he is now proposing _ a stunning transformation. he is now proposing $100 billion worth of down payment _ proposing $100 billion worth of down payment on modernising which had been allowed to become extremely outmoded, badly maintained a lot of eguipment_ outmoded, badly maintained a lot of equipment not working and he now has a vision _ equipment not working and he now has a vision of— equipment not working and he now has a vision of germany becoming a player in— a vision of germany becoming a player in this strategic and defence wealth— player in this strategic and defence wealth but yes the culture in germany— wealth but yes the culture in germany has to follow that as well. it germany has to follow that as well. it can't _ germany has to follow that as well. it can't be _ germany has to follow that as well. it can't be done overnight. it will take _ it can't be done overnight. it will take years — it can't be done overnight. it will take years before money turns into real military capability. and there has got _ real military capability. and there has got to— real military capability. and there has got to be a change in the way german— has got to be a change in the way german people look at themselves in the role _ german people look at themselves in the role in _ german people look at themselves in the role in the world. the french have _ the role in the world. the french have been— the role in the world. the french have been looking for this strong european — have been looking for this strong european partner in defence for a lon- european partner in defence for a longtime — european partner in defence for a long time and i hope britain can build _ long time and i hope britain can build the — long time and i hope britain can build the same set of clothes defence _ build the same set of clothes defence relationship with germany as we had _ defence relationship with germany as we had with friends rather successfully. the lancaster agreement he signed in 2010 was a bil agreement he signed in 2010 was a big strategic contact with the french— big strategic contact with the french on defence and if germany is going _ french on defence and if germany is going to _ french on defence and if germany is going to make the transformation we ought _ going to make the transformation we ought to— going to make the transformation we ought to be in there shaping the way they do—

ought to be in there shaping the way they do it _ ought to be in there shaping the way they do it so it works with nato as well as— they do it so it works with nato as well as potentially giving europe more _ well as potentially giving europe more capability against the day when we have _ more capability against the day when we have again somebody in the white house _ we have again somebody in the white house who— we have again somebody in the white house who is no longer trustworthy. you said _ house who is no longer trustworthy. you said there are some people in washington who have collective amnesia about the last four years. they don't have collective amnesia over here. they remember particularly in paris the threats, the way donald trump undermines article five agreements within nato, and that is why emmanuel macron has been pushing the germans to spend more on defence. l gar; been pushing the germans to spend more on defence.— more on defence. i say welcome germany to _ more on defence. i say welcome germany to the _ more on defence. i say welcome germany to the military - more on defence. i say welcome| germany to the military chapter. this is— germany to the military chapter. this is good _ germany to the military chapter. this is good news— germany to the military chapter. this is good news for— germany to the military chapter. this is good news for the - germany to the military chapter. this is good news for the us. - germany to the military chapter. this is good news for the us. i. this is good news for the us. i think— this is good news for the us. i think obviously— this is good news for the us. i think obviously there's - this is good news for the us. i think obviously there's a - this is good news for the us. i think obviously there's a real. this is good news for the us. i. think obviously there's a real part of culture — think obviously there's a real part of culture and _ think obviously there's a real part of culture and what _ think obviously there's a real part of culture and what countries - of culture and what countries believe — of culture and what countries believe it _ of culture and what countries believe it should _ of culture and what countries believe it should be - of culture and what countries believe it should be the - of culture and what countries . believe it should be the culture of culture and what countries - believe it should be the culture of how military — believe it should be the culture of how military is _ believe it should be the culture of how military is spent. _ believe it should be the culture of how military is spent. here - believe it should be the culture of how military is spent. here in- believe it should be the culture of how military is spent. here in the| how military is spent. here in the us for— how military is spent. here in the us for example _ how military is spent. here in the us for example most _ how military is spent. here in the us for example most of - how military is spent. here in the us for example most of the - how military is spent. here in the - us for example most of the change in attitude _ us for example most of the change in attitude about — us for example most of the change in attitude about us _ us for example most of the change in attitude about us been _ us for example most of the change in attitude about us been spending - us for example most of the change in attitude about us been spending for. attitude about us been spending for example _ attitude about us been spending for example in— attitude about us been spending for example in the— attitude about us been spending for example in the strength _ attitude about us been spending for example in the strength of - attitude about us been spending for example in the strength of the - attitude about us been spending for example in the strength of the us. example in the strength of the us military is— example in the strength of the us military is driven _ example in the strength of the us

military is driven by— example in the strength of the us military is driven by republicans. i military is driven by republicans. and you — military is driven by republicans. and you look— military is driven by republicans. and you look at _ military is driven by republicans. and you look at democrats, - military is driven by republicans. and you look at democrats, their opinions — and you look at democrats, their opinions on — and you look at democrats, their opinions on defence _ and you look at democrats, their opinions on defence spending - and you look at democrats, their| opinions on defence spending has been _ opinions on defence spending has been stable — opinions on defence spending has been stable although _ opinions on defence spending has been stable although there's - opinions on defence spending has| been stable although there's been opinions on defence spending has . been stable although there's been a slight _ been stable although there's been a slight decline — been stable although there's been a slight decline -- _ been stable although there's been a slight decline —— decrying _ been stable although there's been a slight decline —— decrying in- been stable although there's been a slight decline —— decrying in a - slight decline —— decrying in a group — slight decline —— decrying in a group that— slight decline —— decrying in a group that was _ slight decline —— decrying in a group that was pulled - slight decline —— decrying in a group that was pulled in - slight decline —— decrying in a group that was pulled in the i slight decline —— decrying in a i group that was pulled in the past couple _ group that was pulled in the past couple years _ group that was pulled in the past couple years about _ group that was pulled in the past couple years about how- group that was pulled in the past couple years about how the - group that was pulled in the past couple years about how the us l group that was pulled in the pastj couple years about how the us is spending — couple years about how the us is spending too _ couple years about how the us is spending too much _ couple years about how the us is spending too much on _ couple years about how the us is spending too much on defence . couple years about how the us isl spending too much on defence for example — spending too much on defence for example the _ spending too much on defence for example. the most _ spending too much on defence for example. the most market- spending too much on defence for example. the most market figure| spending too much on defence for- example. the most market figure here is more _ example. the most market figure here is more independence _ example. the most market figure here is more independence now— example. the most market figure here is more independence now than - example. the most market figure here is more independence now than in - is more independence now than in 2020 _ is more independence now than in 2020 they— is more independence now than in 2020. they say _ is more independence now than in 2020. they say the _ is more independence now than in 2020. they say the us— is more independence now than in 2020. they say the us is - is more independence now than in| 2020. they say the us is spending too little _ 2020. they say the us is spending too little on — 2020. they say the us is spending too little on defence _ 2020. they say the us is spending too little on defence and _ 2020. they say the us is spending too little on defence and with - 2020. they say the us is spending| too little on defence and with most of that _ too little on defence and with most of that increase _ too little on defence and with most of that increase been _ too little on defence and with most of that increase been offset - too little on defence and with most of that increase been offset by- too little on defence and with most of that increase been offset by a i of that increase been offset by a decline — of that increase been offset by a decline in — of that increase been offset by a decline in the _ of that increase been offset by a decline in the percentage - of that increase been offset by a decline in the percentage seeni of that increase been offset by a . decline in the percentage seen the us spends— decline in the percentage seen the us spends too _ decline in the percentage seen the us spends too much. _ decline in the percentage seen the us spends too much. according i decline in the percentage seen the us spends too much. according to| us spends too much. according to gallup— us spends too much. according to gallup here — us spends too much. according to gallup here in— us spends too much. according to gallup here in the _ us spends too much. according to gallup here in the united - us spends too much. according to gallup here in the united states. i think— gallup here in the united states. i think it's _ gallup here in the united states. i think it's very— gallup here in the united states. i think it's very interesting - gallup here in the united states. i think it's very interesting data - think it's very interesting data that tells— think it's very interesting data that tells us _ think it's very interesting data that tells us again _ think it's very interesting data that tells us again the - think it's very interesting data - that tells us again the republicans are not— that tells us again the republicans are not defining _ that tells us again the republicans are not defining the _ that tells us again the republicans are not defining the culture - that tells us again the republicans are not defining the culture any. are not defining the culture any more _ are not defining the culture any more entirely— are not defining the culture any more entirely and _ are not defining the culture any more entirely and that's - are not defining the culture any more entirely and that's good i are not defining the culture any- more entirely and that's good news as we _ more entirely and that's good news as we look— more entirely and that's good news as we look at— more entirely and that's good news as we look at our— more entirely and that's good news as we look at our allies _ more entirely and that's good news as we look at our allies globally - more entirely and that's good news as we look at our allies globally asi as we look at our allies globally as to how— as we look at our allies globally as to how we — as we look at our allies globally as to how we handle _ as we look at our allies globally as to how we handle this _ as we look at our allies globally as to how we handle this military- to how we handle this military spending _ to how we handle this military spending because _ to how we handle this military spending because there - to how we handle this military spending because there that i to how we handle this military. spending because there that are shifting — spending because there that are shifting attitudes _ spending because there that are shifting attitudes and _ spending because there that are shifting attitudes and a - spending because there that are shifting attitudes and a sense i spending because there that are l shifting attitudes and a sense that us longer— shifting attitudes and a sense that us longer needs _ shifting attitudes and a sense that us longer needs to _ shifting attitudes and a sense that us longer needs to be _ shifting attitudes and a sense that us longer needs to be alone - shifting attitudes and a sense that us longer needs to be alone on i shifting attitudes and a sense thati us longer needs to be alone on the world _ us longer needs to be alone on the world stage —

us longer needs to be alone on the world stage although _ us longer needs to be alone on the world stage although we _ us longer needs to be alone on the world stage although we have - us longer needs to be alone on the i world stage although we have enjoyed -reat world stage although we have enjoyed great support — world stage although we have enjoyed great support from _ world stage although we have enjoyed great support from our— world stage although we have enjoyed great support from our allies. - world stage although we have enjoyed great support from our allies. [- great support from our allies. i want great support from our allies. want to talk about these great support from our allies]- want to talk about these european concerns because president biden said in recent weeks there is great unity in nato. senator mitt romney said today that he feels that if donald trump is reelected for another four years not to impose real problems for nato and for that nato unity going forward. that's bringing suzanne because she's been out to speak to mitt romney and access all areas corresponding on the here. you've been back to quiz him about this. what did he say specifically about america's commitment to nato going forward? during donald trump's presidency, president micron's concern for europe was high and that's because he saw an indifference towards nato from donald trump and in an interview with us media earlier

senator mitt romney said he would understand why the world would be concerned about the future of nato if donald trump were to be reelected in 2024. i asked him today how can he reassure european allies that the us nato alliance in indeed remain strong regardless of who is in the white house and this is what he had to say. white house and this is what he had to sa . ., , to say. one of the things that happened _ to say. one of the things that happened today _ to say. one of the things that happened today in _ to say. one of the things that happened today in the - to say. one of the things that| happened today in the senate to say. one of the things that - happened today in the senate foreign relations _ happened today in the senate foreign relations committee was able to almost _ relations committee was able to almost unanimous to say that no president— almost unanimous to say that no president can withdraw from nato without _ president can withdraw from nato without the approval of congress and that will— without the approval of congress and that will never occur. it is for commitments to the mission of nato of a commitment to our fellow nato members _ of a commitment to our fellow nato members and have a commitment to honouring _ members and have a commitment to honouring all of our requirements underneath that agreement. that is interestinu. underneath that agreement. that is interesting. that _ underneath that agreement. that is interesting. that suggests - underneath that agreement. that is interesting. that suggests that - interesting. that suggests that there is within the senate and determination to get some site and guaranteed to get some sort of guaranteed to get some sort of guarantee for the europeans. yes.

guaranteed to get some sort of guarantee for the europeans. yes, on this programme _ guarantee for the europeans. yes, on this programme yesterday, _ guarantee for the europeans. yes, on this programme yesterday, colonel. this programme yesterday, colonel told you that it was the position of the last administration that led to the last administration that led to the ukraine war that we are seeing today and i asked senator romney about this he said his move they've made in the senate foreign relations committee today shows a strong commitment moving forward towards nato and sends what he says is a strong message to putin and other would—be tyrants. strong message to putin and other would-be tyrants.— strong message to putin and other would-be tyrants. what do you make of that? is that — would-be tyrants. what do you make of that? is that the _ would-be tyrants. what do you make of that? is that the assurance - would-be tyrants. what do you make of that? is that the assurance that i of that? is that the assurance that the europeans would be looking for? on the senate foreign relations 0n the senate foreign relations committee? l on the senate foreign relations committee?— on the senate foreign relations committee? ~' �* , , , committee? i think it's very helpful but what donald _ committee? i think it's very helpful but what donald trump _ committee? i think it's very helpful but what donald trump said - committee? i think it's very helpful but what donald trump said open i but what donald trump said open questioning of the us commitment to nato shook notjust questioning of the us commitment to nato shook not just the french but the germans very deeply and other europeans as well. of course we want to europeans as well. of course we want to feel— europeans as well. of course we want to feel the _ europeans as well. of course we want to feel the us congress would stand behind _ to feel the us congress would stand behind nato but i think this already set the _ behind nato but i think this already set the tectonic plates shifting and the more _ set the tectonic plates shifting and the more interest in europe what is

called _ the more interest in europe what is called the _ the more interest in europe what is called the strategic economy. you're not being _ called the strategic economy. you're not being able to stand on its own two feet _ not being able to stand on its own two feet in — not being able to stand on its own two feet in defence but also in technology and security and i don't think— technology and security and i don't think that — technology and security and i don't think that will change. i think part of the _ think that will change. i think part of the german move will be to reinforce — of the german move will be to reinforce that and of course it's good _ reinforce that and of course it's good news _ reinforce that and of course it's good news to hear the us congress would _ good news to hear the us congress would not _ good news to hear the us congress would not allow a rapid and well—thought—out american withdrawal from nato _ well—thought—out american withdrawal from nato which would be catastrophic but i think the doubts have been— catastrophic but i think the doubts have been sown and it will not go away _ have been sown and it will not go awa . ~ . ~' have been sown and it will not go awa .~ . ~ have been sown and it will not go awa , ~ ., " ., . ., away. we talked about the change in mentality for — away. we talked about the change in mentality for doctor _ away. we talked about the change in mentality for doctor green. - away. we talked about the change in mentality for doctor green. the - away. we talked about the change in mentality for doctor green. the very| mentality for doctor green. the very fact that germany is now looking at israel where you are for a missile defence system, they are really shaking by some of the ratcheting they have seen in moscow over recent weeks and they really do take their own defence seriously now in la they did not perhaps four weeks ago. j did not perhaps four weeks ago. i think all the european leaders will no doubt — think all the european leaders will no doubt be — think all the european leaders will no doubt be pleased _ think all the european leaders will no doubt be pleased to _ think all the european leaders will no doubt be pleased to hear- think all the european leaders will no doubt be pleased to hear the i think all the european leaders will. no doubt be pleased to hear the kind of political _ no doubt be pleased to hear the kind of political moves _ no doubt be pleased to hear the kind of political moves on _ no doubt be pleased to hear the kind of political moves on capitol- of political moves on capitol hill that we — of political moves on capitol hill that we have _ of political moves on capitol hill that we have just _ of political moves on capitol hill that we have just heard -

of political moves on capitol hill that we have just heard about, i of political moves on capitol hill. that we have just heard about, they nonetheless — that we have just heard about, they nonetheless may _ that we have just heard about, they nonetheless may have _ that we have just heard about, they nonetheless may have to _ that we have just heard about, they nonetheless may have to get - that we have just heard about, they nonetheless may have to get used i that we have just heard about, they. nonetheless may have to get used to a world _ nonetheless may have to get used to a world where — nonetheless may have to get used to a world where you _ nonetheless may have to get used to a world where you pick _ nonetheless may have to get used to a world where you pick up _ nonetheless may have to get used to a world where you pick up the - nonetheless may have to get used to a world where you pick up the phone| a world where you pick up the phone to the _ a world where you pick up the phone to the white — a world where you pick up the phone to the white house _ a world where you pick up the phone to the white house and _ a world where you pick up the phone to the white house and nobody- a world where you pick up the phone to the white house and nobody may| to the white house and nobody may answer _ to the white house and nobody may answer the — to the white house and nobody may answer the phone _ to the white house and nobody may answer the phone by— to the white house and nobody may answer the phone by the _ to the white house and nobody may answer the phone by the person - to the white house and nobody may| answer the phone by the person that answers— answer the phone by the person that answers may— answer the phone by the person that answers may not _ answer the phone by the person that answers may not be _ answer the phone by the person that answers may not be very— answer the phone by the person that answers may not be very interested i answers may not be very interested in what _ answers may not be very interested in what you — answers may not be very interested in what you have _ answers may not be very interested in what you have to _ answers may not be very interested in what you have to say— answers may not be very interested in what you have to say were - answers may not be very interested in what you have to say were in - answers may not be very interested | in what you have to say were in your concerns _ in what you have to say were in your concerns regardless _ in what you have to say were in your concerns regardless of— in what you have to say were in your concerns regardless of where - in what you have to say were in your concerns regardless of where the i concerns regardless of where the captiol— concerns regardless of where the captiol hill — concerns regardless of where the captiol hill may— concerns regardless of where the captiol hill may stand. _ concerns regardless of where the captiol hill may stand. i- concerns regardless of where the captiol hill may stand. i don't- captiol hill may stand. i don't think— captiol hill may stand. i don't think it — captiol hill may stand. i don't think it will — captiol hill may stand. i don't think it willjust _ captiol hill may stand. i don't think it willjust be _ captiol hill may stand. i don't think it willjust be germany. captiol hill may stand. i don't think it willjust be germany i| think it willjust be germany i think— think it willjust be germany i think it — think it willjust be germany i think it will — think it willjust be germany i think it will be _ think it willjust be germany i think it will be many - think it willjust be germany ll think it will be many european states— think it will be many european states that _ think it will be many european states that will— think it will be many european states that will be _ think it will be many european states that will be looking - think it will be many european states that will be looking to i states that will be looking to improve _ states that will be looking to improve their— states that will be looking to improve their capability. - states that will be looking to| improve their capability. 0ne states that will be looking to - improve their capability. one source of improve their capability. 0ne source of military— improve their capability. one source of military capabilities _ improve their capability. one source of military capabilities with - of military capabilities with strengths _ of military capabilities with strengths in _ of military capabilities with strengths in particular- of military capabilities with. strengths in particular fields including _ strengths in particular fields including missile _ strengths in particular fields including missile defence i strengths in particular fields. including missile defence and strengths in particular fields - including missile defence and drones and cyber— including missile defence and drones and cyber so— including missile defence and drones and cyber so it — including missile defence and drones and cyber so it won't _ including missile defence and drones and cyber so it won't only— including missile defence and drones and cyber so it won't only be - and cyber so it won't only be germany— and cyber so it won't only be germany that— and cyber so it won't only be germany that will— and cyber so it won't only be germany that will be - and cyber so it won't only bej germany that will be looking and cyber so it won't only be i germany that will be looking to acquire — germany that will be looking to acquire weapons _ germany that will be looking to acquire weapons from - germany that will be looking to acquire weapons from israel. germany that will be looking toi acquire weapons from israel and other— acquire weapons from israel and other places _ acquire weapons from israel and other places it _ acquire weapons from israel and other places it will— acquire weapons from israel and other places it will be _ acquire weapons from israel and other places it will be many- acquire weapons from israel and i other places it will be many other european — other places it will be many other european countries _ other places it will be many other european countries at _ other places it will be many other european countries at the - other places it will be many other european countries at the same i other places it will be many other - european countries at the same time. is european countries at the same time. is there _ european countries at the same time. is there a _ european countries at the same time. is there a danger— european countries at the same time. is there a danger that _ european countries at the same time. is there a danger that with _ european countries at the same time. is there a danger that with this - is there a danger that with this renewed focus on defence and a cold war starting to announce the russians with a footprint in ukraine going forward that american presidents in europe will be much bigger, a reversal of what we have seenin bigger, a reversal of what we have seen in recent years? it’s

bigger, a reversal of what we have seen in recent years?— seen in recent years? it's not your li -s to seen in recent years? it's not your lips to the — seen in recent years? it's not your lips to the lords _ seen in recent years? it's not your lips to the lords is, _ seen in recent years? it's not your lips to the lords is, we _ seen in recent years? it's not your lips to the lords is, we are - seen in recent years? it's not your lips to the lords is, we are really. lips to the lords is, we are really hoping i'm globally that we do not see this escalation and need to see the us military involved obviously but there are people who have been victims of poutine's brutality and of this regime that setting the race we would agree with that empty here. i think about the american public opinion, historically american attitudes about defence are really national domestic advanced so let's see. so far the military is not involved and i hope he does not get to that but i want to see this invasion come to an end. it's really hard to tell the american public opinion will shift to in the coming weeks. that tight and hope this is not get worse. weeks. that tight and hope this is not get worse-— weeks. that tight and hope this is not aet worse. ., ~ ,, , .

seven hours, 37 minutes. that is what is missing from the official white house phone logs onjanuard the 6th, the day of the capitol riot. it means that for 457 minutes on that fateful day, donald trump either made zero calls, which itself would be odd, or he may have used back—channels or the phones of his aides or burner phones to hide what he was up to. there is another notable example from history where presidential phone logs went missing. that was richard nixon, of course, the 18 minutes of missing watergate tapes. as mark twain once said, "history doesn't repeat, but it often rhymes." this latest revelation comes amid increased pressure on thejustice department to make clear what it's doing, if anything, to investigate and prosecute those trump officials who may have played a role in inciting the violence. i have watched an interview with

john bolton who was in the white house and he says the president often talked about burner funds despite the statement that president trump went out overnight saying he did not know what a burner phone was. ~ ., , ., . ~ did not know what a burner phone was. ~ ., , ., , was. where to begin to unpack this one. let's talk _ was. where to begin to unpack this one. let's talk about _ was. where to begin to unpack this one. let's talk about what - was. where to begin to unpack this one. let's talk about what was - one. let's talk about what was propped up on the date donald trump left the white house. there are boxes mysteriously that's made their way to malabo and many of them i think upwards of ten to 20 that people could not figure out what is in those boxes. i suspect there was a great deal of information that the administration of the people inside it decided to conceal. january six senate committee in congress is doing its best to get down to it. there is a steady drop of information from there. today we learned that department ofjustice will hire 131 additional attorneys to prosecute perpetrators of january six. it is far from to prosecute perpetrators of january six. it is farfrom over to prosecute perpetrators of january six. it is far from over but again the concentration on the former

commander—in—chief and in the past two days not even your focus but a real intense focus because again the circle is closing in and this is really telling. ittufe circle is closing in and this is really telling.— circle is closing in and this is really telling. circle is closing in and this is reall tellinu. ~ . ., really telling. we have a 'udge in california who i really telling. we have a 'udge in california who says h really telling. we have a 'udge in california who says it's _ really telling. we have a judge in california who says it's more - really telling. we have a judge in| california who says it's more than likely that a federal crime was committed by the president and by his lawyer and yet for a large part of that date when that violence is at its height we don't know what he was doing, who he was speaking to, we do know there were two phone calls that were made because those people who made those phone calls and also the representative for utah they have talked about talking to they have talked about talking to the president so somewhere all the details of the conversation there but it's not in front of the committee.— but it's not in front of the

committee. ~ . .. but it's not in front of the committee. ~ . , , committee. what can we do? this is what happens _ committee. what can we do? this is what happens only _ committee. what can we do? this is what happens only that _ committee. what can we do? this is what happens only that this - committee. what can we do? this is what happens only that this class. i what happens only that this class. between serious events and what could be the investigative phase. it feels so far removed and i hate to say that because i really believe january six, 2020 was such, sorry 2021, was such a pivotal day in our countries history that we cannot allow it to stand that those who are closest to the president have gone without being locked up, facing the consequences for breaking federal laws. if that is close to a crime being committed why have we not seen certain people suffer a debate under the department ofjustice? that's the department ofjustice? that's the prime question here and one that the prime question here and one that the head of thejustice department needs to answer. they can only do the investigating and congress. he is now coming under significant pressure from that committee to go after those they think was responsible. there are 22 cities in the us where women under the age of 30

are now out—earning their male counterparts, including new york and washington, dc. that's according to pew research center. it's no coincidence that rise in salary has come in mostly metropolitan areas, where educated young women have more opportunity to build their careers. but the research also reveals that the wage gaps grows as working women age, as major life events like having a baby tend to intervene. so, what to make of it? the chief executive of the american association of university women. thank you for coming on the programme. what do you make of this that in these metropolitan areas over 20 around the country, younger women are now starting to be paid what their male counterparts are paid lyth there are a number of factors that we can attribute this interesting change in the pay gap. younger women are benefiting from many of the pay laws and the pay equity laws that have been developed in the metropolitan areas. we tend

to have women who are higher educated and companies that are more likely to have put into practice efforts to make sure that the pay gap is being addressed. for example, they are making sure that they are doing pay audits. their advertising pay ranges in their positions. there also making sure they're not asking for salary history in interviewing and job searches because we know thatis and job searches because we know that is something that only makes the pay gap worse. [30 that is something that only makes the pay gap worse-— that is something that only makes the pay gap worse. do you think part of this is now — the pay gap worse. do you think part of this is now down _ the pay gap worse. do you think part of this is now down to the _ the pay gap worse. do you think part of this is now down to the focus - of this is now down to the focus that there is on employers? we have a policy of a here called 50—50 where companies are now under greater pressure to have an equal representation in the workforce? and also there is more clarity now on what people are being paid. haifa also there is more clarity now on what people are being paid. now that there is so much _ what people are being paid. now that there is so much more _ what people are being paid. now that there is so much more transparency i there is so much more transparency and the fact that employers are

being held accountable for these transparent policies. their younger workers tend to talk about their salaries more so there is more opportunity to really find out what's people are being paid. people who are looking to hire a top—notch workforce know that they really have to be responsive to the needs of the younger workforce as they enter into the workplace. i younger workforce as they enter into the workplace-— the workplace. i talked about the difficulties that _ the workplace. i talked about the difficulties that women _ the workplace. i talked about the difficulties that women in - the workplace. i talked about the difficulties that women in the - the workplace. i talked about the l difficulties that women in the right encounter once they go only to have children and how that holds back their careers. we saw the pandemic as well that women who were graduates of university educated women tend to stay in the workplace during the pandemic but it was those who did not have degrees and who found it really difficult and disproportionately they fell out of the workplace, why was that? women tend to be overrepresented _ the workplace, why was that? women tend to be overrepresented in - the workplace, why was that? women

tend to be overrepresented in the - tend to be overrepresented in the part—time positions. at a fact. and the women who are more highly educated were able to work from home and be able to continue to earn their salaries. ittufe and be able to continue to earn their salaries.— their salaries. we have to be careful what _ their salaries. we have to be careful what we _ their salaries. we have to be careful what we are - their salaries. we have to be careful what we are seeing i their salaries. we have to be i careful what we are seeing with their salaries. we have to be - careful what we are seeing with this headline. if not equal right across the board. ~ , headline. if not equal right across the board. , , , the board. absolutely because research that is being - research that is being put out that we are talking about women on average and let talk about what we are leaving out is this is sort of the exception when we talk across the exception when we talk across the board but when we desegregate the board but when we desegregate the numbers and we look at black women and messiness we now is information really needs to be parsed out much more in a very specific fashion because black women and latinos certainly have a way to pay gap and on average it's taking longerfor it to pay gap and on average it's taking longer for it to close.—

longer for it to close. thank you very much- _ so, you might think president trump's luck is running out. well, not, it seems, on the golf course, where he is reported to have hit a hole—in—one, a report that some people on social media had questioned. fortunately the former president put out an official statement, on headed paper, to tell us that he had scored a hole—in—one. "a lot of people are asking, so i'll give it to you, it is 100 percent true. i hit a 5—iron." no, really an official statement. i hit a five iron which sailed magnificently into a rather strong wind, with approximately 5 feet of cut, whereupon it bounced twice and then went clank, into the hole." and here's the moment every golfer dreams of, walking to the hole to see it nestled in the bottom of the cup.

president made a hole—in—one, iso—yard 5—iron. _ it's there! that's great. there it is. that's great, thank you. the guys want a picture with you. you will see i was bragging. i you will see i was bragging. i seem to remember— you will see i was bragging. i seem to remember we _ you will see i was bragging. i seem to remember we had _ you will see i was bragging. i seem to remember we had a former - you will see i was bragging. i seem| to remember we had a former north korean leader who is quite a hole in one from his first every stroke of a golf ball. these things do happen. but question i think in europe we see them donald trump out over the last year and i'm thinking to link the two parts of the programme, where we would be now if donald trump was in the white house and we were dealing with our. tbtre trump was in the white house and we were dealing with our.— were dealing with our. are you suggesting he's _ were dealing with our. are you suggesting he's better - were dealing with our. are you suggesting he's better on - were dealing with our. are you suggesting he's better on the l were dealing with our. are you i suggesting he's better on the golf course? i think you are. i suggesting he's better on the golf course? i think you are.— course? i think you are. i think he ma be course? i think you are. i think he may be better _ course? i think you are. i think he

may be better there. _ course? i think you are. i think he may be better there. thank - course? i think you are. i think he may be better there. thank you i course? i think you are. i think he i may be better there. thank you very much forjoining _ may be better there. thank you very much forjoining us. _ may be better there. thank you very much forjoining us. nice _ may be better there. thank you very much forjoining us. nice to - may be better there. thank you very much forjoining us. nice to have - much forjoining us. nice to have you on the programme as well. we'll be back tomorrow. hello there. given how warm it's been over the past couple of weeks, the weather over the next few days is going to come as a bit of a shock. really cold air is sitting to the north of scotland, but as we generate this northerly wind, so we're going to bring all this arctic cold right the way across the uk, and that means some sleet and snow, although given the time of the year, there shouldn't be too much of that. the cold air�*s coming in behind this band of thicker cloud here. that's producing mostly rain. sleet and snow over the pennines and the peaks. north of that, we're getting colder air, some sunshine, wintry showers. temperatures in eastern scotland and the north—east of england probably only 5 degrees on wednesday afternoon. the last of the mild air is across more southern parts of england and wales, although there will be some showers. that weather front is continuing to take wetter weather southwards,

and as we cut in the colder air behind it, so we're going to find some sleet and snow to maybe some lower levels across southern parts of england. there could be a covering of snow here and there. it's certainly going to be a wintry look to thursday morning, with widespread frost, some icy patches around as well. that's the last of the sleet and snow to push away from the south—east corner of england, and then we've got some sunshine. we've got a lot of wintry showers coming in, hail, sleet and snow, especially northern and eastern areas. those will get blown further west, though, given those strong and gusty winds. that will make it feel cold, of course. these are the temperatures we're looking at on thursday afternoon, perhaps no better than 6 or 7 degrees for some eastern parts of england. factor in the strength of the wind and it'll feel quite a bit colder than that. things start to calm down a little bit on friday because we've got higher pressure trying to nose in from the north—west. a lot of that sleet and snow is pushing away into continental europe. the winds won't be as strong on friday, but it starts frosty, maybe some icy patches too. we've got some sunshine, a few more wintry showers,

just not as many on friday. it'll cloud over in scotland and northern ireland with some rain, some sleet and snow in the hills as well. and probably not going to be quite as cold to end the week, temperatures likely to be a degree or two higher on friday. heading into the weekend, we still have that high pressure sitting to the west of us. it's not really moving right over the uk, so we've still got a north to north—westerly breeze. nothing too strong at all. that's going to feed in a lot of cloud. there's likely to be some showers around as well. most of these i think will be of a rainy flavour, because the air�*s not quite so cold on saturday. temperatures again around 8, 9 degrees, fairly typical. that's disappointing, though, for this time of the year, and it's a lot colder than we've seen just recently. high pressure, we start to see that receding, and a little low that's going to run away, away from southern parts of ireland and to the south—west of the uk. again, a fairly cloudy air stream and a few showers, perhaps some wetter weather coming into northern scotland, and again temperatures 9, maybe even 10 degrees. heading into next week,

that colder air getting replaced by something a bit milder from the atlantic, but more unsettled. it's westerly winds that are more likely to be heading our way into next week, got high pressure to the south of the uk, areas of low pressure running generally over to the north of scotland, pushing bands of rain our way. nothing too windy, probably nothing too wet next week either. it looks like there'll be a lot of cloud, mind you, but those temperatures continuing to rise just a little. not to where we've been recently, but 11 to 14 degrees. that's nearer normal, really, for this time of the year. bye for now.

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