university of wollongong. as pa rt of as part of our work on the united nations environment programme, we have to look at how the uv and ozone depletion or change across the globe. a paper came out in the last few years which showed the uv index, which is the number we got on our phones which tells us whether we need to wear sunscreen, had gone up in antarctica from six, which is moderate, to m, which is extreme. 14 moderate, to m, which is extreme. 1a is what we have in summer in sydney. so that huge difference, which had occurred because of ozone depletion, made us think about also, what does that mean for the animals and plants that live in antarctica? and in the last four years, even though ozone is recovering, we've seen that the ozone hole has started in september and extended through to december. that was particularly concerning for me, because as a biologist, i know that's when most of the biology turns up in antarctica, to breed, pups are born, penguin chicks hatching and all the plants and animals co