schaffner, and mr. krebs or our line, you kind of got to this, but both the no fakes act and this election built include exemptions, excepted for the use of digital replicas to ensure the bills do not chill speech protected by the first amendment. can you talk a little bit more, as we look at how we can write these in a way, as i have tried with exceptions for satire in the elections bill with senator hawley, how we can do this to ensure that commonsense safeguards do not chill protected speech, and that this is upheld in a court? >> right, so, senator klobuchar, i just want to say , agreeing with professor ramsey, that i think your approach of having specific legislation on pornographic deepfakes, other legislation on election related deepfakes, is really the right way to go. when you have a broad bill that essentially says you need permission to use digital replicas, and then let courts kind of sort it all out, that's where you get into trouble, and you have an overbroad bill that is going to necessar