by kcet in los angeles. funding was made psible by the freeman foundati of new york, ste vermont, and honolulu. the newman's n foundation and e john d. and catherine t. macarthur foundation >> the first afcan leadero be tried by an international court calls the case against him a e in. >> t is a e, it is a diabolical lie never. >> prots among theconomic gloom -- how goldman sas poed figures of $3.5 billion

n three months. atwo-year old, a pigback card cter life and now she has made a full recovery. elcome to bbc rld news, broadcast on pbs in aerica and aroundhe globe. coming up later a succeful mission to mars, so how com the stronauts and never left ear? d anotherovie you might say about the warn iraq, but is this one with a differenc >> for the first time, an african leaderas had to awer in courto charges of crimes against humanity. in thewitness sta at the inrnational criminal court, charles taylor has presented -- arles tayr has prevented -- has prested his defense. he has admitted that things

ppened in sierra leone, murder, rape, the usef child soldiers, but he insts he plays noart. we have been wching the trial unfolds. >> when charles tlor sto to swear the kirk -- where the oath, it marked the firs time a former african head of ste had been called to answer charges of crimes againsmanatee. chaes taylor has spent many months in the pastwo years while the trial has been underway sitting impassively, listening to the ctalog of atrocities committed in sierra leone. he repeatedly denied any involveme. >> i and a father 14 children. grdchildren,ith love of humanity and i have foughtll my life to do what i thought was ightn the interests of justice and fair play. i resent that charterization of me.

it is fals, it is malicus. d i stped there. >> four judg appointed by the government of sierra leone and the are hearing the case. the centracharge by the prosecutions that charles taylo orchtrated the rebel upring in sierraeone in order control the country's diamond riches. diamonds, it was claimed, were delived to him in and the mayonnaise bottles. >> never. neverver did i receive, whether it ismayonnaise or coff, or what ever jar, never ceived any diamonds. it is a lie. it is a diabolicalie. never. >> his demeanor in the witne box was that of a confident man. he has a repution as a showman and his delive was assured. his testony is eected to last several weeks.

>> so howdid the former president of liberia and in the gue? our correspondentaseen years of repting on hiand looks back ahis career. >> charles taylor first cam to blic prominee as the bble. in 1989, he invaded liberia, saying he intended to orthrow the then-military dictator. thcivil war he provok shattered th country into polical and political and ethnic five mes. it spread refues across west africa, prticularly into siea leone. repos by the united nations began accusing chaes taylor of dire links wi the rebels in sierra leone. you and said he was a gun ruer and diamondmuggler, in leue with the insurgents who had becom norious for comtted -- for comtting widespad atrocities. in the fit against the

government of sierra leone, they packed off the lim of everett -- of anyo, inuding children, who oose them and took control of the countr's diamond mines. western nations, especially britain and the u.s. condemned charles taylor andhe ternational tribun investigating war and dietin-- indicted him for war crimes in the untry. the problem for the showman polician charles tlor had beme were piling up as a new rebeion against his vernment in liberia gathered pace. he wa forced out of power by a mixture of hostels diplomacy and the rebelsuns. headed into what he hed would be a tempary ele in nigeria. he was a wantedan. even as he handed power over to his deputy, he remained deant. >>got willing, i i will be back. >>by 2006, he ws in the

custody of the un. he was flown first to sierra lee where he was briefly held and his protestations o innocence began. but there were ars he might try to escape his custody, so he was transferred to the hague for the rest of his trl. the case has been rningor a year a may take as long again befo the judges -- verdict. >> former mayor -- former mayor of rwanda has been sentenced to life jail for s role in the 1994 nocide. e tribunal backed by the u.n. found thean guilty of genocide, murder,nd rape. prosecutors say he played a key role in the massacres thated to 800,000 tutsisnd hutus dead. two french serity advisers in somalia hav been conducted i mogadishu. they were workin for the sali government, training sldiers when a group of armed men raided

the tel. this was in an area controed by theransitional governnt raid in iran, authoritiesay theyave hanged 13 memrs of a sunni rebel group. members of te group were accused of terrorism, ardor, d kidnapng foreigners. they blamed the rebels for a series of attacks. by a measure, is a staggering profit -- wall stree's goldman sachs --oldman sachs has smashed assonance, deliving a $3.5 billio profit for its second quarter under tt is a more large number, $6.6 billn has been set ase for compensation and benefits. have this report. >> ls than one year since wall street seemed on theverge of meltdownnd billions of dollars in taxpayer money was poured into finanal institutions. now, top player goldman sachs says itsncome from trading has arly doubled fromne year ago.

in this building, yet some of wall street'slargest emplees, fastest comters, and mo politically coected bankers. that has made goldmanachs a liter on wall street and the ba approved its reputation agaiby shatterinexpectations for s profits. la month, goldman sachs was among the rst to repay 0 billion inoans from the u. treasury. the compa's share prices have risen by nearly 80% this year. doing well in dficult times. >> we have operated in extremely inhallenging enviroents. this environment is t conducive to ste -- to straightforwd solutions. our culture alws us to rct in this difficul environment. others argue there is a loser here -- thtaxpayers. th goldman sachs and others payingoo little for money the got from the governmt's funds and the bank has set aside over

$6.6 billion of its profits st for employee bonuses. >> goldman sachs was abl to say we paid the money back and as we say, we areo longer beholden to the taxpayer. even though that just ght be partf the truth. >> willing results aside,he coming month wi still be uncertn. >> so s there is fragility to it. they acknowledge the ouook and the economy is very fragile. it's hard to takehis quarter and extrapolate . >>r too, -- or to use this success as an indicat for other big.s. banks. >> nato-led forces in afghastan hve begun an investigatn into a helicopter crash in the south of the untry which kled six people. a native spokesrson says the hecopter came down was a

severe -- was a civian aircraft. the un parliament has chosen its first prime minister fr a communist --rom a former communist country. jerzy buk won support from two-thirds of its members. many ople saw ashe fil healing of you's east-west divisis. cada has reinstated these requirements for mexican a czech citize. ey're trying to cut downn fraudulent clas. the ambassador to canada from the cch republic is being recalled d visas are being imposeor canadian diplomats. she is now 16 and tha is sendg us out because she made history at the age of two when a donor heart was grafted onto he own failg heart. the donoreart was removed three years ago andoctors say she has fully recovered. we have this report. >> througut much of her childhood, s was a very sick little girl. at st two years old, shead

groundbreang surgery which ve her a new heart d allowed her owwhen to rest and stngthened. nowt ,he has ma a recovery beyond all expeations. >> [unintelligibl >> as a baby, t surgeon earl the transplant was becauseof her hearfailure. a hearwas attached to her own in a pigback operation becoming the dominanoregon. her own heart wa able to rest for more tha four yrs. but then, unexctedly, herwn car recover so well that the dor organ could be removed. hi surgeon who s cared for her over the years and pioneer the tree and says iis the

first time he's se a heart full recor in a child. >> the hea is not showing an signs of derioration. in fact, it is getting better an better wi time. it's really great >> ihas been a long battle. her parents sa her life s been full of a motion in somef that came o at the press conference announcing a recovery. [unintelligible] >> the familysays it will never forget the generositof the gan donor th helped to give the chance ofecovery and live a healthy teenager. >> e conduct edward downe ha died along with his wife at a set assisted suicidcenter. he had health problemsut was not terminally ill.

his wife was dyinofancer and he cse to travel with her and and their lives togeth in zurich. we have is report. >> a gift and a passiona musicia he spentdecades at thcenter of britain's musical life, conduingpera andhe bbc philhaonic. but his real life passion was for his wife. they shared a life emsed in music, one in which their iends and family described as rich and rewding. >>ted was a very rational man and lived aonderful life. they did fantast things togeer all throu the lives. i can perfectly ll imagine hi thinking it s been great and is is the way conclude their les together. >> at roy albert hall, they are justetting up for the bbc prom. if he was conducting he, jones uld always be in e audience. a couple comptely devoted to each other, they decided to

make their last journey together. >> it ended here in switzerland, and one of the anymous budings. while she ws dying ofancer, her husband was not terminally ill. it operates wiin swiss law, prescribing lethal doses of medication to thos sking assisted scide. they had helped oer british people to die. campaigners believe 1 people have trav to switzland for assistance suici. that includes three couples. it is ought to cost around four thousand pounds peperson. styear, danie james madehe me journey at the age of 23. a spinal injury left him alst entirely paralyzed, facing lifelong disabily, the justic to suicide. campaigners for change te u.k.ay restrictions here are pushing people abroad. >> what i do think the ca demonstrates is tt were on a

slippe slope at e moment. anyone cano abroad as long as theyan afford to do so. there are nosafeguards, no breaks on the process. what theineeds to be some kind of safuard in place. he deved his life to music. and shared life and deathith the wife he adore a decision some will understand, which -- but will appall hers. >> still to come, once ere were -- a risk stormy seas for a better life in e european union. why i theumber of african immigran to europe dwindling first, in pakistan,fficials say the numbeof displaced people heading back to their home in the northwestas ncreased greatly. t army opened roads leading intothe valley ononday. u to 2 million people uprooted

by fighting between e army and the taliban could retu. we have this repo from islamad. >> the talib may have been pushed back, b there is still fear everyere in the swat valley people here routinely carried white flags to signal ey are no threato security forces who are everywhere >> is man has just returned ansaid the only problem is the market shutdown. it is hard to get this to eat and drink, butis otherwise peaceful. those returning find t weather rather eaer to tke any unmiliar heat they have endured living inents and in the plains. in a camp, tempers re raised as people qued up for food and supplies before leaving. this man says they coulnot ha drawn things wld be so bad and amed the governme

for the conditio they face. the govnment has had strong support for its military tion against the taliban in the northern region in the figing in recent wes. that sport will be testedboth by the mner of theireturns and how to live up their omise of securing ace and reconstruction in the ng term. >> thousds of british people paid their last respects to soldiers who died in e country paws woe they so fain afghanian. the strts were led ashe cortege move through the town of would invesit to oxford. some men we all killed within hours last week. go to he you with us on bbc world news. the first africa leader to answer in court ofharges of crimes against humanity, the former president of leria, has

sai the accusations against him are lies. the attractions of life in europe and may be losingheir sheen for illegal would- migrants. the lates figures show that last year 9000eople tried to enter the ropean union from africa illelly. compare that to the peak in 2006 were more than1,000 made that precarious journey by bo. our correspondent s be to the island to nd outmore. >> on ptrol with the spanish coast guard behind us is the tourist resort and head is e authentic ocean. it is a preferrednd prilous gateway to eope for illegal migrants. today, the horizon i clear. the fragile boatsrom africa are becoming a ra sight. over th past few yearsthe number of illegal grants

making it to these shores h fallen by almo three-quarters. that trend connued this year. during apriand may of this year, not a single boat reached the spanish shores. the snish say it's down to the deterrent effect of surveillan. we were given rare access to a w control room where incoming boats e monitored in real time byadar and cameras with a nge of five nautical miles. >> there has been a very importa fall. we had 100 boats arriving an this year we have only had five. l five were dected and intercepted ung this technolo. but -- >> but better surveillance is not the only deterrent. so is a recession. in madriearly 700 kilometers

away, weound a group of migrants who were lowedo stay whenheovernment failed patriate them. but without papers, in a nati of soaring unemploynt, some whether whether thjourney was woh it. >> i don't recommend this country. i recommendther countries. other countries are difficult, but i don't recommend aerson to come at th moment. >> hi red cross warehouse packed with food,drinks, and clothing kits for the ne boat load of rils. e localoordinator is cautious about drawing conclusions. >> it doesn't matter how bad the economic crisis isere, it will alwa be worse in arica. until there is more development in afca, that is what will stem this completely. people wille willing torisk their liv to make it. >> with contions column, the panish authorities are brace for a busy summ. advancesave been made here,

but this is a complex fight which is far from over. 6 of vlunteersrom russia, germany,france had just emerged from a simulated space capsule in moscow aftermore than three months. our rrespondent explains. >> after05 ys,he seal was broken and thlock is undone. moments later, the four russian one german, and frenchman ep outside of the capsule into the lightf dons of flashing cameras apparently none the worse for wear. there capsul had in fact never le the ground. bu everythinginside was design to make them feel as isolated as if they were on a al trip to mars. the capsu is spartan angrant to say theeast. ere are no windo and the radio communication with ground contl was deliberatel delayed by up to 20 minutes. speaking to the media

afterwardsthe russian commder declaredt a complete ccess. >> this experiment was a cooperation between many scientists. it was also ooperation wiin the crew. mutual assistance and support were evide at all times. > en 105 days is not nearly enough to geto mars and back. ne ye, another group of volunteers will enter this se cramped capsulend be sealed insi for a daunti 520 days. that's nearly a year a half. >> he track record of movies seem to run the ir war is next. filmkers are struggling to crea stories that are not only compelling intere life, but also sell athe box office. a lmndustry insider is predicting a new picture called "the heard locker" will succeed where others havfailed.

>> it's setin baghdadin 2004. isictional, but its reenwriter spent time a better as a jourlist. it lls the story ofthree soldiersa bomb disposal tea in a perilous existce. one manwho appears to b innocents had explosives locked on to his body. >> i can do . there are too many cks. i can't get off. i'm sorry. the central charters a stf sergeant. >>ou are a wild man. >> a risk taker, some see him as a man addicted t war or at leastthe dangers inrent in wa >> how many bombso be dirmed? >> 873. >> 8? >> wha fuels and drive someas to do with more than being rely good atsomething. not really having much else you know that u can do. when your life becomes your

job, that is telling of who he is more than anything else. >> a slew of americ filmhave touched on the r in iraq or the war against terror and few have succeeded at the box office. the prevailing theory is audiences did no want to be confronted with a warhey found troublin fm critics ccur that this picture is not the same as other iraq-thed films. >> is not afraid to allow the aience to bring its o viewpoint to the movie. all of the oth films about the war have come at you with feelings. they have beenudgmental, emotional, senmental. they have not l you brg your own emotions as much as this one. >> tucson, one wkness of the film's most othe iras in the film a plot devices and not lly drawn characters. those who subribe to that y are msing the point. >> the film is not about iraqis. is not abt the iraq war. i is about these guys journey

and their life-and-death situatio every day doing eir jobs. the ckdrop of iraq an the work there is ju the background. it's a backdrop for the film. >> one clear succe story is its director. she has beenn the business for a long time. she is a female director wh works constantly making actn fms, norlly the reserve of male dirtors. the otr vctor is its leading ma >> i'moing to die. i'm going to die comfortable >> wh will this film do for its leading man? >> i think it could change his life. more than any actoi've en in recent years, he is one to watch. hes such a distinctive performer and sometng special. but he has not had a platform to reach a wide audience. it is a thought-provoking picture. it psents audiences with a soldier who is a heroic figure, a cowbotype character not without humanity. is incest th his work, a

perfect cog in the war machine and extremy good at what he does. >> on lighter d a much brighter note, thounds of parisians have maed the enof pastille day by watching a spectaculafireworks dilay at the eiffel tower. is displayollowed a concert at the fooof the tower. earlier in the day, more than two hundred thousandurned out to see the military parade. this marks the anniversary of the art of the fren revolution. > bbc world news was preseed by kcet in l angeles. fundinwas made possible by the freeman foundation of w york, stowe veont, and honolulu. the newman's own fodation and the jo d. and catherine t. macarthur foundation. macarthur foundation.