it will be here too, so even in the event of a guilty verdict, which trump may face at the end of this process, he may emerge victorious from this process, this was america, all the best to you, hello, international review is on the air, in the studio fyodor lukyanov, today in the international review program. events of the week. chronicle, facts, comments. rehearsal for world war iii. iran attacked israel. and heading to the negotiating table, searching for a way out of the ukrainian conflict. materials of our program. criminal donald trump. fantasies. or reality.

the process has begun in new york. i have always been confident that no negotiations with the ayatol regime, which cannot be trusted, will provide the slightest guarantee of security. you can’t put the gun on safety, otherwise it’s a waste of time. riza pahlavi, son of the last shah of iran, mahammadahlevi, during a historic visit last year. to israel at the invitation of the government. the crown prince, that’s what he calls himself: he assured his interlocutors. when the iranian people are freed from power, the mul will restore monarchy, iran will become a faithful partner of the jewish state. you can't think of a better gift for these same mules. a representative of the hated shah family hugs netanyahu and participates in a ceremony with far-right israeli ministers. iran

launched a demonstrative strike against israel in response to the destruction of the iranian diplomatic facility in damascus and the death of several high-ranking members of the islamic revolutionary guard corps. everyone was waiting for the iranian step with bated breath; would an act of retaliation become the beginning of a major regional war? after they also expected an israeli response to a response that either had already happened or had not yet happened. marian kamensky from slovakia creatively develops the assertion that after the third world war, the fourth will be fought with sticks and stones. the picture shows biden, netanyahu and aetallah minya. stelina chain from taiwan. the drawing is called, now it’s your turn, what israel will do next and how it will respond to iran’s direct attack on its territory, albeit a very limited one. cadio esl from

costa rica. war or diplomacy? who will win? world leaders are trying to prevent a major war in the middle east, apparently with varying degrees of success. osama hajjaj from jordan. iranian attack on israel. the main roles are people similar to benjamin netanyahu and joe biden. an extremely militant caricature. and this is a drawing by paola caliri from germany. called awaiting retribution. an extremely emotional work, conveying the feeling of the iranian leadership, well, as the artist sees it, brand de angeli from italy, another emotional drawing, entitled briefly, at the negotiating table, and indeed, there is nothing to add to this; life in a heated world at the turn of the era teaches one thing: nothing can be ruled out, especially...

conflict, even if no one strives for it, trying not to cross the threshold of the irreversible. the iran-israeli confrontation is the main nerve of regional politics. the parties take irreconcilable positions, but are aware of the dangers of the confrontation getting out of control. the ideal option is a so-called proxy war, a confrontation, so to speak, with a closed visor. this is a kind of proxy war. confrontation, when both sides of the conflict are trying to take some action, but without crossing the red lines, in fact, back at the height of the cold war, the american political theorist karl deutsch spoke about proxy war, the introduction of proxy war in different ways, and most importantly, the main component of such wars are... in the fact that the leading, as

if attacking side, it reduces costs, both material and human, on the one hand, on the other hand, that’s all, this allows it to lead the attacking side like this the so-called policy of plausible deniability, that is, it is not us, iran, and it is very good at this game in the region, if you look at this scattering of its proxies, be it hezbollah in lebanon, the shuid groups of qatay, hezbullah in iraq, the houthis, the houthis , in yemen, that is, this game is going on here. using this proxy network in the region. the main task is to maintain a balance between prudence and the need to save face. iran is a grandmaster in this genre, but his opponent is no stranger. israel is playing

sphere of containment, he seeks to establish new rules of regional confrontation, to test the limits of iran's strategic patience, or rather the limits of its capabilities. iran did nothing, only threatened, we will definitely respond, give it time, this undermined iran’s reputation. iran began to be viewed as a weakening force, and doubts arose within the country about the correctness of the course. pro-iranian groups in neighboring states also began to ask questions. the israeli attack on the consulate, in fact on the sovereign territory of iran, was the latest drop. now there is a message that this attack on this consulate in damascus was not coordinated with all the intelligence services in israel, that is, according to the latest message, masada was asked,

purely theoretically, if we attack, what will happen, yes, that is, the right hand i didn’t know what the left was doing when the israeli armed forces sent there... october 7, yes, about which a lot has already been said and written, the way it is presented today in the israeli community, to say, this is again a mistake, yes, that is, there was no fully agree

syria, but again, taking into account the difficult economic situation inside the country, in principle, iran’s reluctance to go beyond some red lines, after which, well , only war remains, we actually saw a very beautiful light show, that is, the missiles were launched, the missiles were launched from iranian territory, iran, yes, it has demonstrated that it can have missile potential, that it can, in principle , disrupt defenses, air defenses.

there is no doubt that iran knows its limits and red lines that cannot be crossed, and israel is trying to provoke him in order to understand. for iran it was very important to generally learn about the state of israel’s missile defense, that is, he had, of course, a general idea, but like everyone else, that is, not, that is, that there were some anti-aircraft -missile systems, and well, all the exact information, even about what these systems are about... iran, to a certain extent, carried out reconnaissance in force, that is, it roughly calculated the outfit of forces, which it could just assume at a minimum, in order to break through he considered

the pro system, that is, the israeli one, and to see in general what would happen, that is, the reaction is all in line, well, that is, all the systems of these air defense, pro, air force, that is, israel, well, plus israel is already helped there. from the united states and other countries there provided significant assistance, that is, in this regard, iran , of course, achieved results, that is , it turned out that even this limited strike. iran, in principle, saw that even such a limited number of forces was enough for some of the missiles to break through. iran started the development of our own ballistic missiles back in the second half of the seventies under the shah. pihlivi, some technologies were purchased from israel, with which the monarch had excellent

relations. today, half a century later, iran produces its own ballistic missiles. it all started with a deep modernization of chinese, north korean or soviet models. the first ballistic missile, shihhab-1, appeared in the late eighties. it was a modernized analogue of the soviet r-17 missile and the north korean hwasong 5. range up to... in the nineties it was replaced shikhap-2, in 1998, at a military parade, shikhap-3 was presented, which with a warhead of a ton could fly up to 2.0 km, but these were liquid rockets that took a long time to prepare for launch. at the beginning of the 2000s, solid-fuel medium-range ballistic missiles appeared in iran . sajil-1, with a firing range of up to 2.0 km, and sajil-2, aka. the mass of the warhead is approximately the same, one ton. based on the shihab-2, the kam-1 missile was developed.

in 2017, iran used these missiles to bomb targets of the islamic caliphate in syria and inflict attack on a us air force base in iraq. on the night of april 14, during an attack on israel, iran used its most powerful imad ballistic missiles, with a range of up to 1,700 km. from the moment this rocket is launched, it is possible. control throughout the flight until hitting the target, in addition to them, 30 pavi cruise missiles from the samar family with a range of 1,650 km are launched, they are in service with the islamic revolutionary guard corps, the wings of the missiles can fold during flight, which increases their maneuverability. in february 2023, when presenting the pava missile, iranian media emphasized it the ability to reach israel, because the distance.

136 and 238 with a range of up to 200 km, capable of carrying up to 50 kg of explosives. yes, iran did. far from all his capabilities, and he specifically wanted to avoid causing real damage, because he knew that israel would then respond with the involvement of allies, that is, the desire to rewrite the rules of containment, but without the risk that israel would undertake to respond in full, and yet however, expert observers are convinced that iran’s capabilities are not so devastating, maybe not crushing, but not at all insignificant, iran announced them loudly. apparently, iran's reserves of medium-range ballistic missiles are many times higher than

the reserves of anti-missile missiles that israel has, because these are also much larger in the number of launchers that it can, that is, iran can simultaneously produce a large number in salvos missiles and continue these salvos for a longer period of time, that is, if in such a case of a full-scale conflict, iran apparently it can. there is also this, that is , the american ones also helped, that is, these american ones against

the missile defense from these destroyers that were at sea, they also say that they shot down several missiles, it turns out, that is, the number of these missile defense systems is very limited , that is, yes, if in case, that is, iran can simply carry a much more massive blow, which these systems are full of. israeli air defense. consists of several levels: until recently, an important element was considered iron dome system, it is used to intercept short-range unguided missiles and drones. mainly those launched by hamas, islamic jihad or hezbollah. the dome was developed by israeli specialists with us support. the first battery was deployed in may 2011 near the city of bersheva. israel managed to shoot down about 90% of all missiles, and the complex coped with the tasks until last year’s attack on

october 7. another air defense system is spider, one is designed to protect against attacks by airplanes and helicopters. bombers, cruise missiles drones, but little is known about its use. the next level is the david's sling system, developed jointly with the american corporation rayton, the creator of the patriot complex. it is designed to intercept ballistic and coral missiles at a distance of 40 to 300 km. the highest level is the headc or strela two and three long-range interception systems, created by israel jointly with the us missile defense agency. they can destroy targets at a distance of up to 3,000 km. these complexes, in particular used to intercept long -range missiles launched by the yemeni houthis. israel has old, but quite reliable american patriot batteries, which appeared back in 1991

to protect against iraqi skat missiles. on the night of april 14, israel was fired upon from the territory. three countries: iran, iraq, lebanon and yemen. according to tsahal, almost all the missiles were shot down, but his allies actively helped him in this. more than 70 drones, three ballistic missiles were intercepted by ships and aircraft in the us navy in the eastern mediterranean. dozens of iranian drones have been shot down over iraq and jordan. in addition, british fighters and the air force were brought in to repel the air attack. jordan. the anti-cancer system worked flawlessly, the israelis say. but the residue remained. a single strike is one thing, but a massive missile strike, plus a massive strike with the help of drones and cruise missiles, is another thing. accordingly, how

will all this work, all together, that is, aviation, that is, the air defense system missile defense. it was largely due to the fact that they were quite worried, alarmed by the growing activity of hezbollah’s actions, and here it was necessary, as it were, to carry out a certain containment operation, again to show their capabilities, what israel is able to do if it is driven into a corner, however , again - the desire to enter into some kind of

global conflict with the same iran, well , the israelis don’t have it, we already know for certain that... israel quite possibly would not have been able to fully cope with this attack, because the attack was too massive, it could overload three israeli air defense circuits. their role was quite

large, that is, after all, this is especially true in repelling, for example, attacks by drones and drones, for the reason that. it was quite a long time to fly, so it turns out that the air defense forces and the air force, the usa, which are stationed there in iraq and neighboring countries, they acted as, well , it turns out, an early warning system, and at the same time a system, that is, an air defense system turns out outside the borders of israel itself, that is, they they started intercepting these drones and other things , that is, from afar, this, of course , helped israel very seriously in that... in terms of before israel, well, closer to those to israel, when the israeli air defense system itself was connected, that’s there, well, significantly fewer drones flew, that is, than this, than could have been, because not only western

powers participated in repelling the iranian attack, these were primarily jordan, saudi arabia, egypt, countries that took a direct part in repelling this attack, like this not strange, maybe this is not at all strange, jordan, because it generally shot down both with its air defense and its aviation. flying objects, saudi arabia has already officially announced that it transmitted data in real time from its radars to israel, which means that these same flying objects, well, egypt also took a certain part in this process, this allows us to speculate a little on the topic of , that after all, the israel-centric development system of the middle east is not so mythical. it is quite possible that this attack demonstrated to us the viability of this ideas, despite these formal statements,

the formal cry that we hear in the region in support of the palestinians, many forces in the same region of the persian gulf, its arab parts, they would like to quietly return the situation to the state before october 2023 and continue to negotiate enough with israel. to say that, for example, in saudi arabia, at the moment, any pro-palestinian, let’s say, actions, even wearing the palestinian keffiyeh in some places are prohibited, so that it is simply not, not by chance there is no way to involve the same suudis in a more active discourse regarding the actions of the israeli authorities in gaza. iran's main target is not israel, but the arab countries, saudi arabia, the emirates and...

2 weeks ago, before iran struck, israel was almost completely isolated internationally, as soon as iran used force, everyone again showed support for israel, including the us congress, even those who previously opposed military assistance in israel understand that this is an opportunity to regain sympathy from... the us and europe, without which it not enough. now even arab countries like saudi arabia and jordan openly declare: “we helped repel the iranian

drone strike.” that is, israel needs to strengthen this prototype of a new alliance, not undermine it. and, of course, it is very important that now everyone is not talking about what is happening in gaza, not about israel’s military operation there. the conversation is only about what and how israel will do in response to iranian actions. thus, israel had a free hand to do what it wanted in gaza. iran not a loser either. the refusal to use proxy, of course, is a significant statement from tehran that any further settlement of the situation in the region, well, cannot do without it, without accepting, in fact, its interests, i understand. everyone confidently declares their success and the failure of the enemy. everyone wants to act prudently, but is worried about losing face, everyone has a multi-layered agenda,

they think one thing, say another, do something else, this is a typical modern conflict, after advertising about whether there is still room for diplomacy in such a conflict. and are you sure that you chose this profession yourself, or were simply born into a family of musicians, at bigfest you definitely choose, chicken premier for 109 rubles and other offers at a very competitive price, and even more profitable with a 50% cashback from alphabank in a delicious period, it’s not necessary like this, it’s necessary like this, it’s clear, i understand, like this at the megamarket it’s induction. thanks to special

collagen in the form of a triple helix, artneo helps support healthy joints. artneo - just one capsule a day to protect the joints of the spine. hello, buddy. as promised, today we are preparing pilaf. uh, hey, oil is not on the first day. oh, i need to transfer money home. by the way, it’s better to transfer from vtb online. it's faster and more convenient. thank you for teaching me. this is also who taught whom. the island and you, eagle, the holiday begins on oh,

one hundred percent originals of famous brands. loans that everyone knows, all methods are good, when you want barbecue bacon, whipped texir, cheesemomental, bacon and smoky sauces and barbecue, whatever you are ready for, great. the car, i agree, is ideal, only the oil needs to be changed, let's stop by, and you have the ideal oil for my car, this is an excellent oil, growth oil, 83% of buyers choose it again, what's wrong with it, growth oil magnum, oil consumption less by a third, it provides reliable engine protection by 20% , reduces the formation of deposits, rosneft magnum motor oil, we are sure you will buy

it again, alfa friday - supercake every week on alfa bank cards. on friday, april 19, we are giving 50% cashback on performances, concerts, and festivals and other entertainment. only in the alfa poster service in the alfabank application. not just profitable, alpha profitable. grant and grand picant pairs at an attractive price. only tasty, period. what do we bring back from

savita’s travels? cashback? bonuses for your next avito trip, everything will go as booked with cashback bonuses, meet new limited designs of sbercards and stickers, issue them on the website or in the sberbank online application , enjoy them every day, it’s just space, a baker on fire is tastier than a burger king. this week , a detailed article by sam charap and sergei radchenko appeared in the american magazine foreign affairs, who analyzes the negotiations between the delegations of russia and ukraine in march and april of twenty-two, the same ones that could have culminated in the istanbul agreements to end the military conflict, but did not end in anything . the authors

believe that in conditions of hardly surmountable contradictions and under extremely unfavorable external circumstances, fierce fighting , the parties were closer to a compromise, than you can imagine. perhaps someday we will learn the details of crisis management of that time, but for now the abstract idea of ​​negotiations is in the air, although even their subject is not clear. we invited our good friend nikolai to discuss the phenomenon of diplomacy in modern conflicts. he is not only a serious scholar of international affairs, but also the owner of valuable experience, participation in hopeless negotiations, namely the minsk process. kohl, hi, hi. let's start with this practical aspect, the cessation of hostilities in the conflict is what should be the preliminary conditions of negotiations or, on the contrary, the result of these negotiations? i think the difficulty.