judy: good evening and welcome. i am amna. geoff: and i'm geoff bennett. we speak to a current and former governor about the direction of the gop. amna: fox news uses selective clips of capital security footage to spread misinformation about what happened on january 6. geoff: a ruling by a texas judge on birth control threatens a nationwide program that provides contraception to minors without requiring their parents permission. >> we are seeing a movement that may be began with religious exemption and we are moving towards an agenda that says let me structure all of health care according to my morals. ♪

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>> fostering informed and engaged communities. ♪ ♪ >> this program was made possible by the court ration for public broadcasting and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. thank you. geoff: good evening and welcome to the newshour. the u.s. federal reserve is putting congress and the country

on notice tonight. more and larger interest rate hikes may be lasting longer than expected. amna: jerome powell cited stubbornly high inflation and a robust economy but democrats, including elizabeth warren of massachusetts, complained rate hikes could bring on recession and hurt workers. senator warren if you could : speak directly to the 2 million people hardworking people who have decent jobs today, who you're planning to get fired over the next year, what would you say to them? how would you explain your view that they need to lose their jobs? >> i would explain to people more broadly that inflation is extremely high and it's hurting the working people of this country badly, all of them, not just two million, are suffering, under high inflation. and we're taking the only measures we have. geoff: the fed holds its next meeting in two weeks. mexican officials confirmed today that two of four kidnapped americans have been found dead.

the four crossed friday into matamoros, across from brownsville, texas, so that one of them could have cosmetic surgery. they were caught in a gun fight between rival drug cartels, and then abducted. the two survivors were found today in a rural area, and driven back to texas for medical treatment. israeli troops have killed at least six palestinians in a gun battle in the occupied west bank. smoke rose above jenin today as soldiers tried to arrest a man in the killing of two israeli brothers. militants opened fire, and the israelis fired missiles. the suspect was killed. more than 60 palestinians and 14 israelis have died in violence this year. china's new foreign minister is sounding a stern new morning to washington as relations hit new lows. he held his first conference aching office late last year and talk tough about u.s. policy towards china. >> if the u.s. does not hit the brakes but continues to speed

down the wrong path, no amount of guardrails can prevent derailing and there will surely be conflicts and confrontation. such a competition is a reckless gamble with the fundamental interests of the future of humanity. geoff: white house national security spokesman john kirby said the u.s. does not seek conflict on taiwan or any other issue. the national transportation safe board will open a special investigation into norfolk southern railroad. today's announcement follows a derailment involving a toxic material in east palestine, ohio, and four other significant accidents. the ntsb says it wants a broad look at the railroad's safety culture. president biden proposed raising medicare taxes on those making more than $400,000 a year. the white house said it would keep the program solvent for an extra 25 years. it drew a sharply partisan response from republican and democratic leaders in the senate.

>> thank goodness the house is republican. massive tax increases, more spending, all of which the american people can thank the republican house for, it will not see the light day. >> i anticipate the president's budget will address what america -- americans care most about extending medicare solvency by , 25 years, beyond 2050, without costing a penny in benefits. that is great. geoff: federal officials project that without some kind of action, medicare benefits might be cut, starting in 2028. president biden is also considering a return to detaining migrant families who enter the u.s. illegally. the "newshour" confirmed that today with multiple sources. it comes as officials expect a new surge of crossings when vid restrictions end in may. the justice department has filed suit to block jetblue airways from buying spirit airlines. the suit charges the merger would cut competition and raise prices. doj lawyers say a buy-out of

spirit would eliminate about half of all low-cost airline seats. and on wall street, stocks retreated on the federal reserve warnings aboutnflation and interest rates. the dow jones industrial average lost 575 points, 1.7%. the nasdaq fell 1.2%. the s&p 500 shed 1.5%. still to come on the "newshour," how a lawsuit is putting a nationwide birth control program for minors at risk. a renowned architect reconsiders his industry's impact as he receives the prestigious pritzker prize. an iraqi-american photojournalist gives his brief but spectacular take on refugees . >> this is the pbs newshour from w eta studios in washington and from the walter cronkite school of journalism at arizona state university. amna: as the 2024 presidential race takes shape, we're getting

perspectives tonight from two republicans. geoff: first up, new hampshire governor chris sununu. he's considering a run for the gop's presidential nomination, and i spoke with him earlier today about that and the future of the republican party. thanks for coming in. good to see you. you have said donald trump will not be the republican party's nominee in 2024. you said that is just not going to happen. how can you be so sure? >> he ain't going up. with the former president, as i said may times, thank you for your service. i think he did some very good things. he is a known commodity. there's very few americans that are on the fence about whether they would be with him or against him. people know where they are so he will have a tough time going up in the polls, if you will. the southern generation candidates out there, they will step forward. the race has not even started. we are in the mix. the average american family is not even thinking about this yet.

they are not. th are just getting over the haover of november of 2022, glad they are not inundated with a lot of campaign ads, and folks are taking a breath. around the fall, will art paying attention and you will see all these other candidates potentially rise to the top so i don't see it going up. because i always said, it is not in our dna is americans, going backwards. geoff: there is always to go. the design of the republican is winner take all -- the winner take all benefits donald trump. not a majority but it is enough to deliver him a nomination. >> if there were eight candidates in the race, that's not going to be the case. i think the republican party learned their lesson in 2016 and i do not mind who gets into a race. he cannot control who gets in. think we all understand, and i talked to all the candidates about this, the discipline of getting out. get out early, galvanize behind

a single candidate, likely someone not named donald trump, and they will move forward as a party. i am incredibly optimistic about it. there's so much politics to play out. we don't know where things are going but that is the fun of it. geoff: the insurrection, that could have been the republican party's raking point with donald trump and for a few days after, it seemed like it might have been but now, none of the republicans running against him want to talk about it. you said you talked to all of the candidates. why not? why don't they talk about that issue in particular? >> i don't know. everyone saw what happened on january 6. the one positive aspect is we have seen everything. we have new tapes coming out as early as even yesterday some stuff coming out so we know what happened. people understand it. americhas to learn that lson and understand where extremism can go, the dangers of it. i think w have. why other candidates might not talk about it, i don't know. it is nothing you can just step

over and ignore. it is part of our history unfortunately and again, you have to really kind of let those pains grow in and understand how did we get there? what pushed that? here's a large part of the population that it still surprises me that they are ok with it. they did not see what a lot of us saw as an insurrection event on the u.s. capitol and that's a very dangerous thing for our democracy, for where we go as a country. geoff: ron desantis in his own way has departed from gop orthodoxy in support of free-market capitalism. he's using his executive power to target private companies, namely disney. you are an old-school republican if i can use that phrase, but is thatomething that sits well with you? you talk about the next generation of republicans. >> there is nothing old-school about being a principled free-market conservative because at its fundamentals, that is what republican is all about, limited government, local

control, individual responsibility and valuing that the voter knows better than we do. i am the governor. the voter is smarter than i am because they know what their school needs, what roads need to be paved, what their community needs. my job is to create as many rows of opportunity for them to be successful, not to take revenge because somebody doesn't agree with me politically on something. i think ron is a good guy. we definitely differ in that approach. he's talking a lot about woke ism, which i cannot stand cannot cancel culture running its way like a parasite. you have to be willing to have the fight. you cannot only be about the fight. as a leader, you have to be able to talk about that. at the end of the day, it is about a free-market am about appreciating the value of that individual over the government. geoff: what the trump base wants is the fight. do you see it that way? >> there's a lot of anger. why did donald trump get elected in 2016? he connected with folks, with their anger, and he

gave a voiceo that and there was a lot of validity to that so when folks get frustrated, and want to find someone they can empathetically connect with, where they want to see things go. sometimes, we get blinded, thinking governments can solve it for us. government is not here to solve your problem. i am the governor and i'm telling you that's not our job. our job is to create doors of opportunity for you, your family, your business, your school, your kids, and then you decide what door you best -- best fits you and your past. geoff: you launched a fundraising group which is the most significant sign yet that you are serious about running for president. what will it take for you to make that decision ultimately? what are you looking for? >> we don't have to make the decision now. we are looking to see where a lot of this plays out. my number one purpose is making sure that as with publican's, we are making the party bigger. we are talking to independence. we are talking with a more

inspirational voice because no one gets inspired to get on your team by getting yelled at all the time so i try to be more positive in my approach and i want to talk to the next generation. the next generation of potential republican voters are probably further away from us than they ever have been but we got a great product. we got something we want to bring them in on. i think they are a little disenfranchised with some of the messaging. i don't like using the word branding, but the messaging that is out there, but we got this great thing of limited government, local control. you are smarter than the government and that is a great thing republicans need to rally around and get voters back and if that leads to something bigger in terms of being a spark that gets people excited, so be it. that would be awesome. this organization is about growing the party and insuring a november win. geoff: that sounds like the elevator pitch for candicy. >> i don't know where we'll go. this summer, most candidates will have to figure out where they are going. i love debating.

i love talking about this stuff and bringing a different attitude in, a different spirit to it, but it's got to be right for me and my family in the country. i'm not doing this for myself. it would be a huge sacrifice so you have to make sure whatever you are going to do, you can give it 120%. i am amazed with people who always looked miserable in their job. politicians sometes look so miserable. all they are doing is yelling at everybody but if you look unhappy in your job, is the public really going to believe you will give 100% to it? it demands 100 20%. i love what i do as governor, i really do. four term governor, extra ordinary results. the everyday approach is something that folks are looking for. geoff: great to see you. thanks for coming in. amna: another republican, former maryland governor larry hogan, ruled out a presidential bid earlier this week. i spoke with him about his decision a short time ago. governor, lcome back to the newshour. thanks for being here. you decided not to run over

concerns that a crowdedrimary would benefit president trump. governor sununu said it doesn't matter who many people get in as long as they get out early and get out on time. >> i don't necessarily disagree with that. it was one of the many reasons i put a lot more thought into it. it was one of the reasons i got out. i did not want to have a crowded primary and see what happened in 2016 happen. but i don't disagree with governor sununu. i think that if you are not seriously contending and if you don't really have a shot to win, then you probably should not get in the race in the first place if you are just trying to maybe be cabinet secretary or you are auditioning for vice president or you want to get on television or get a book deal. if you really think you can compete and you have a chance to win, i think everybody ought to make that decision about getting in but if the campaign is not going well, then they ought to get out earlier. the problem in 2016 was people refusing to get out of the race and it was so divided that donald trump was able to capture the nomination. amna: governor sununu said he

doesn't believe trump could actually be the nominee. he seems to think people are moving forward and that would be moving backwards. he doesn't think that is going to happen. you still seem concerned. >> i have been the leading voice about moving in a different direction and i'm pleased more and more people are speaking out including governor sununu and others who are agreeing with me that we need to move in a different direction. i think we are moving in that direction but it is a long way from over. i'm still concerned it's a battle for the heart and soul of the republican party and i would not take him lightly. he is still the 800 pound gorilla and we have to work hard to make sure he's not the nominee. amna: lisa governor desantis is trying to be the younger version of donald trump. would you back him if he was the nominee? >> i don't think he's trying to be the younger version for it i think he is the younger, smarter version of donald trump, but he is fishing for the same exact -- he's fighting for the same m aga base. i said i would not

support donald trump but i am anxious to see how governor desantis performs, if he gets in the race, how he does, and i am hoping we can get a strong nominee that i can support. >> you are open to supporting him? there's a lot of daylight between the two of you on many issues. >> we are completely different in many respects and tone and style and substance but you know, we will have to see how the campaign plays out. amna: you are open to supporting him. he has many of the same policies and many of thsame approaches that donald trump has. >> i am committed to not supporting donald trump. ron desantis would not be my favorite pick at this point in time but we will have to see how that plays out. amna: i would love to ask you about what is going on in the republican party because you talked about your concerns over it direction. there was just a mainstage speaker at a major republican conference who openly and publicly called for the eradication of transgender reason. -- transgenderism.

how is it that that kind of rhetoric has found a home in your party? >> it is not mainstream thought in the party but there are people focused on these kinds of issues and i think it is, again, we were talking about plaintively maga base that president trump and the santa's are fighting for but it's not what the mavericks -- it's not what the average republican is focused on. they are concerned about the economy, about crime, about education. i mean, these are -- some of these issues need to be addressed, parents concerned about teaching young children about sex in first grade. that is a legitimate issue. with over rhetoric and some of the things that we are hearing out there, they just are not mainstream, you know, ideas that are going to have any kind of inability to win crossover votes and win an election. amna: the two potential candidates are leading all the polls at this time, mr. trump and mr. desantis are not necessarily talking about the economy and those kinds of issues.

why do you think that is? >> they all claim to the maga base and desantis is trying to beat trump with the trump base and they are not focused on swing voters and i think it is a mistake because while it may have short-term effect, it will not help us win back the white house and i think we have got to find a more hopeful, positive vision that appeals to a broader group of voters. that is what i have done in my state of maryland, a blue state where i have been elected and reelected, with strong support among not just republicans but independents and democrats. amna: when do you think you will see that change? all the polls so far show ron desantis and donald trump far out ahead of everybody else had where do you see that shift happening? lisa: the polls -- >> the polls a year out mean nothing. jeb bush was 30 something percent and donald trump was less than 1%. they were talking about scott lker was going to be president, tim. if you go all the way back, almost everyone they ever said a

year out has never been the next person. i think we have a whole lot of daylight between now and the first primary year from now. and i think, you know, a year is an eternity in politics so i think polls now are almost meaningless. amna: have you spoken to any of the other potential candidates? >> yes, i have talked to a number of them and called them ahead of time before the announcement and had some pretty detailed discussions with a few of my friends that may potentially be in the race. amna: did you give them advice of any kind? >> i told them what my thinking was and let them know if i could be of any help in anyway, as they are wearing their decisions -- weighing their decisions, that i was available. amna: a long way to go as you say. governor larry hogan, always good to have you here. thank you so much. >> thank you very much. ♪

geoff: this week's fox personality, tucker crossan, is releasing security video from the january 6 attack on the u.s. capitol using footage provided exclusively to him by speaker kevin mccarthy. in an effort to portray the day as a peaceful gathering. >> it was neither an insurrection more deadly. the january 6 committee knew perfectly well that sicknick was walking normally through the capitol after he was supposedly murdered by trump supporters. to prove that josh hawley was a coward, the committee released video of him loping out of the building the afternoon of january 6, but in fact the footage we reviewed showed that famous clip was a sham. edited deceptively by the january 6 committee. >> the january 6 committee lied. geoff: north carolina republican senator thom tillis today responded to that, this way. >> i think it's [bleep].

if you were just a tourist, you should have probably wind up at the visitor center and come in on an orderly basis. geoff: u.s. capitol police in an internal message to officers today said, "the program conveniently cherry-picked from the calmer moments of our 41,000 hours of video. the commentary fails to provide context about the chaos and the violence that happened before or during these less tense moments." james sasso served as senior investigative counsel for the january 6 committee, and he joins us now. thanks for being here. you spent a year investigating the attacks, specifically the people who planned and attended the riot as well as the domestic extremist groups responsible for most of the violence. how does it strike you to hear tucker carlton say that the insurrection was not an insurrection at all and that the january 6 committee lied? james: it's objectely not true . we watched thousands of urs of violence that happened on

january 6 between rioters in police officers. the rioters, if you look at doj filings that we covered and some of the defendantse interviewed, things that they said, were pretty explicit about what they were doing there. they were at president trump's back and call to try and keep him in power by all means necessary. some of them mentioned going to civil war or revolutionary war depending on which one they wanted to choose. many of them, like ryan nichols, mentioned dragon -- i will just say -- members of congress although he used more colorful and which, through the streets commence at said the same thing about vice president pence. he stood in front of gallows and said members of congress should all hang. a lot of people there where explicitly there to commit violence and even though a vast majority of the people who were part of the violence that day

did not engage in, you know, let's say, hand-to-hand violence, or did not destroy the capital or did not do any act of violence, the truth is that those who committed those horrible acts would not have succeeded if it were not for the numbers of people who were there to stop the peaceful transfer of power. and that is an insurrection. the footage that tucker crossan showed was very selectively chosen. geoff: on that point, there will be people who say that the january 6 committee also selectively chose footage and intervie to stitch together its n narrative and that the committee and tucker crossan are both in -- carlsen are both in the storytelling business. james: we picked footage that shows the facts of the matter and what actually happened that day. there is nothing to hide in the footage, nothing to hide in the interviews we have of defendants.

we put out all of our transcripts. we backed it up. we did have a story that we were telling the american public but it was a story backed up by thousands and thousands of hours of investigation and fact checking. it wasn't as if we were just like the narrative we want and go for it. it was what actually happens and you can see that based on the extensive evidence we put forward which is in our report and all the public documents as well. geoff: you ierviewed about 30 of the january 6 defendants about their motives and he wrote an opinion piece for the new york times where you said with the legitimacy of democracy so degraded, revolution appeared logical to these people. what is the impact of this effort, this coordinated effort to whitewash january 6 then rewrite that history? james: it's dangerous. it legitimizes those feelings that people were already expressing on january 6 and

ahead of january 6. it was as if magically, people were suddenly like it is time to go to war, time to overthrow the government. people have been dissatisfied for a long time with the way american political institutions are working. people have a lot of racial resentment that has been building for 50 years and president trump gave them legitimacy. now that we have an effort to whitewash what actually happened by not showing the violence that happened inside the u.s. capitol that day, two officers who were getting swarmed, and oath keepers confronted and threatened officers, saying this is my capitol. by not sure what truly happened, we are telling those people who want to commit more political violence that it is ok. that is a very big problem in america and a really big problem if we want our democracy to survive. we can't have people out there thinking it's ok to battle each

other and to battle people who disagree with them. geoff: james, thanks for coming in. james: thank you for having me. it has been great. ♪ amna: today, on the steps of the texas state capital, a group of women -- state capitol, a group of women said they are suing the state after they were denied abortions, a ban that in some cases presented grave risks to their lives. texas's near total abortion ban is just one of many ways reproductive health care has been restricted in the lone star state in recent years. in a separate case, a texas federal judge has also limited young people's access to birth control. kaiser health news correspondent sarah varney reports on the impact of that ruling in a story co-produced with kaiser health news. >> this. sarah: victoria and richard robledo's days are filled with work and looking after their two

sons. it's a far different life from when the couple first started dating in high school, a decade ago, in corpus christi, texas. >> i was 14 and he was 15. we were in the same rotc program together. >> who went after who first? >> she went after me. [laughter] sarah: when they started having sex, victoria, now 24, decided to get on birth control. but she couldn't turn to her mother, a devout catholic, for advice. >> we were, i guess, a typical, like, hispanic houseld. and so usually in households like mine, they don't want to talk about boyfriends or sex or anything like that. sarah: you couldn't talk to her about it. >> i couldn't talk to her. i couldn't talk to her about boys. i couldn't talk to her about becoming sexually active. sarah: under state law, teenage girls in texas have long needed their parents permission to get prescriptive contraception but online, victoria found a special federal program that did provide

contraception without parental consent. known as title x, it was established in 1970 with broad bipartisan support to provide family planning services to low-income people, including minors. >> there is no set fee. sarah: with the goal of reducing teen pregnancy. the clinic victoria found was less than a mile away from her high school. >> i would te the bus home so i skipped the bus that day and i walked over the clinic and then i was able to get my birth control for free. sarah:n the vast texas panhandle, patients often drive for hours to reach haven health in amarillo. it's one of 3200 title x clinics around the country. >> what are you doing forirth control right now? geoff: they come here for birth control, pregnancy and std testing, and cervical cancer screening in english and spanish. but in a federal court case in december, a judge ruled that these clinics violate texas

state law and federal constitutional rights to "direct the upbringing" of one's children. >> now we can't even provide contraception for a gynecological issue. geoff: carolena cogdill is the head of haven health. the ruling alies to the national title x regulations but for now is only being followed in texas. >> just recentlywe had a young lady come in who had abnormal bleeding and we wanted to prescribe contraception to help control that bleeding. and we couldn't do it because she was 16. geoff: she was unable to have that conversation with her parents. >> exactly. she was fearful that her mom wouldn't understand if she was going to get on birth control, because if she's going to get on birth control, then she's going to go out and have sex and she just didn't want to go there. geoff: the case was brought by a conservative christian father, alex deanda, who lives here in amarillo, texas. he said just the possibility that his daughters might access prescription contraception without his permission violates the tenants of his christian faith. neither mr. deanda nor his attorney responded to our interview requests.

>> they filed them in amarillo. geoff: elizabeth sepper is a law professor at the university of texas at austin. >> we've seen religious arguments that increasingly, i think, come into the courts dressed up as legal arguments. geoff: in s opinion u.s. , district judge matthew kacsmaryk wrote, quote, "the use of contraception (just like abortion) violates traditional tenets of many faiths, including the christian faith plaintiff practices." kacsmaryk references catholic catechisms and 4th century religious texts. "does onan" -- the second son of judah -- "imagine that we appre of any sexual intercourse except for the procreation of children?" sepper says the decision marks the rising influence of conservative christian theology in the courts. >> i think we're seeing a movement that maybe began with a religious exemption, saying "let me structure my health care to suit my morals," and we're moving toward angenda that says, "let me structure all of health care according to my morals." that federal family planning

programs need to reflect conservative christian beliefs. geoff: christi christi covington lives in round rock, texas, an austin suburb. raised in a large evangelical family, she's passing those teachings on to her three children. how does your faith influence how you're raising your family? >> it's everything. because i believe we're all made by god. he's the one who created the order in nature itself. geoff: covington says leaving aside religious objections to birth control, the family unit should be respected. >> god designed the world for there to be parents and then we have our offspring and that the parents care for those children and that is design. and we do see that reflected in nature. i have to give consent all over the place for my children's other medical care. why would we decide that this one area is exempt? geoff: -- sarah: at haven health

in amarillo, we put this question to dr. stephen griffin, an assistant professor at texas tech university and a practicing ob-gyn. why is access to birth control different in your mind? >> it's a safety issue. it also, unlike a cold or aches and pains, does have lifetime consequences attached to the other side of it. sarah: half of teenage mothers receive a high school diploma, compared to 90% of teenage girls who do not give birth. and teen births often lead to poor outcomes for the next generation. children of teenage mothers are more likely to drop out of high school and end up in jail or prison during adolescence. griffin sa parents underestimate their teenagers' sexual activity. >> we know that people who identify as regular church attenders are more likely to underestimate their child's risk-taking behavior in terms of sex. we know that parents who feel they have open lines of communication with their

children also are more likely to underestimate that rk. sarah: decades of research show that teens are morlikely to seek sexual health care if they can do so confidentially. rebecca gudeman, at the national center for youth law, says a majority of teens involve their parents in decisions around contraception. >> and they do that not because the law requires them to do that, but that they do that because that's what they want to do. sarah: but, she says, some young people simply can't involve their parents or guardians. >> this isn't just about voluntary sexual activity. almost 40% of young people who are homeless will say that they've been sexually abused either before they left home or when they were on the street. almost 50%, 50% of young people in foster care, will be sexually assaulted either before care or while they're in care. sarah: evangelical mother christi covington believes the law shouldn't make exceptions even in the hardest cases. >> everybody would want their child to feel that they could come to them.

sarah: sure. >> but what do you do about the many, many children who just don't have that situation? sarah: absolutely. but there's other social ills within family units. but we don't just totally erode the family unit to fix this problem. >> it feels like a band-aid. it feels like a band-aid. "let's give them -- let's give them birth control." and then we don't actually have to deal with what's happening in our society where these teens are getting pregnant so quickly. sarah: texas has one of the highest rates of teen pregnancy in the nation, and the highest rate of repeat teen pregnancy. experts say the court decision banning access to contraception is likely to increase those numbers, and it follows other restrictions on reproductive health care in the state. >> abortion is illegal in texas. kids aren't getting comprehensive sexual education in schools. we have a very large population of folks that are uninsured and not eligible for any other programs.

sarah: stephanie lebleu is the acting director of "every body texas," the administrator of the state's more than 150 title x clinics. the biden administration appealed the texas decision in february, but in the meantime, lebleu says there is no safety t left here for teens. >> what we don't know is not having that control over their lives and their bodies what impact that will have to them over the long haul. >> let me see. sarah: victoria and richard robledo now live across the texas border in clovis, new mexico. had you not been able to get birth control when you were teenagers, would you have not had sex? >> absolutely not. [laughter] sarah: victoria says being able to protect herself from pregnancy when they were teenagers changed the course of both of their lives. >> you know, we both were able to go out and live our own lives. you know, he was able to join the military and then i was able to go to college. it gave us the confidence that we needed to make the right decisions for our reproductive health.

>> very important for us to to say like, you know, we want a kid now, comfortable enough to have a kid now. >> on our terms. >> yeah. sarah: victoria wonders what teenage girls in texas will do now. for the pbs newshour and kaiser health news, i'm sarah varney in clovis, new mexico. ♪ geoff: david chipperfield is one of the world's most prolific architects, with buildings all around the world. and today, the british architect was awarded his profession's most distinguished honor, the pritzker prize. jeffrey brown spoke to him for our arts and culture series, canvas. jeffrey: david has designed museums. the turner contemporary in the u.k., the james simon gallery in berlin.

civic buildings, retail stores, apartment houses, more than 100 built works over four decades and an espresso maker. he is less known for his signature look or style band for work that responds to specific places and needs. >> i would hope that there is a certain consistency of approach and a certain consistency of process and he so's -- ethos in our work but i am very concerned that buildings are of their location more than of their author. the important thing is to make a building from mexico city or des moines, iowa, or berlin. it shouldn't be an obsessive idea that it is a recognizable signature building. that is reducing architecture to becoming a sort of product come objects. jeffrey: as i get older, i am much less interested in

architecture per se and were so interested in the societal issues of architecture. what does that mean? >> putting it very bluntly, as architects, we are very concerned with our products. the buildings we make. we can see them as sculptures. we can see them for their physical and creative qualities. but we also should be seeing them for their societal worth and their purpose. there is a lot of mismatching in that. i am increasingly concerned with what architecture is for and in what ways we build our cities and how useful or useless chitecture is for the general public. jeffrey: one unusual aspect of his work, transforming older buildings, preserving what holds history and beauty while adapting them for today.

among these in berlin, the 19th century noise museum, left devastated during world war ii, given a new life in 2009. and completely different, a refurbishment of what is considered a 20th-century masterwork. the new national gallery. in venice, a recent restoration of the building that dates to the 16th century. it is a challenge he believes his profession must embrace rather than focusing so much on the new. >> from a sustainability perspective and resource perspective, we will be working much more with existing buildings. not just monumental ones, obviously significant ones. we are going to change our attitude towards the reuse and refurbishment and refitting of more ordinary buildings and i think this will be a big shift in the next 10 years.

jeffrey: does that require a shift in thinking among architects in your profession? >> i think it does for it i think it makes a big shift. it's challenging but also i believe qte rewarding. there is something very collaborative about restoration projects and i believe that that is very important for the profession to embrace and i think that it is a way back for my profession to become slightly more useful to society. we sort of seem to be artistic at the best and commercial at the worst and we have not quite made up our minds whether we are profiteersr artists. i believe that architects, you know, we have all been trained to believe that we can help build better cities, better places, and that is the basis of quality of life. ffrey: what do you think is

most important for the health of cities today and what architects can bring to it? >> the most obvious is global warming and the fact that we are going to have to be more clever about how we use resources. the construction industry contributes an enormous amount of damage to our environment so we have to think about how we might mitigate that, limit that, and address that, and the second existential crisis is social inequality. and again, cities and where we live contribute or compensate for inequality. they exaggerate or they level out to some degree. so again, i think as architect we should be provoking and encouraging politicians in our society at large to take more care about the cities we live in, not just the rich bids and glamorous bits, not just the

shopping centers, but where people live, and i believe the reflection that we have all been able to make or have been forced to make with covid, staying at home much more, being in our locality much more. being with our families much more has reminded us of these simple facts. >> david is now working on what could be his biggest project in the northwest of spain. he has created a foundation to help plan and develop the region's long-term economy and environmental sustainability. for the pbs newshour, i am jeffrey brown. ♪ amna: and we will be back shortly but first, take a moment to hear from your local pbs station. geoff: it is a chance to offer your support which helps keep programs like ours on the air. ♪

amna: for those of you staying with us, the rise in demand for electric vehicles is spotlighting a looming supply shortage of lithium used for batteries. stephanie sy traveled to california's salton sea to explore the challenges of meeting the country's ener needs. here now is an encore of her report. stephanie: a most unusual piece of the planet. it is like a dr. seuss book with sound effects. it is fascinating. what we are hearing is what? stephanie: carbon dioxide is generated by reactions between superheated salty water called brian and rock in the bowels of the earth. a geologist says the brian is full of lithium.

>> the attractiveness of geothermal lines is the plumbing -- brines is that it has already been brought up. stephanie: it is the sound of economic opptunity. since the 1980's, companies have tapped in for geothermal energy and it would take just a few more steps to recover the lithium in the used brine. today, it sources lithium from south america and processes it in china but what if the supply chain could all be right here? it's natural. >> it could supply all of the u.s. means of lithium. stephanie: the way it could be done here would be less harmful to the environment than other methods such as crushing it out of hard rocks. the only barrier remains affordable technology that can extract lithium efficiently at a massive scale. a newer player in town has been

testing their lithium extraction protocols in the area known as hell's kitchen. >> we have a process. it works great. stephanie: is the process scalable? >> definitely. stephanie: the chief operating officer says the plant was designed to reuse and recycle as much as possible including the water that is needed to separate lithium. for every tom of lithium produced, some 50,000 gallons of water will be needed. as evidenced by the shrinking salton sea, water is increasingly scarce here. what does come from the colorado river mostly goes to municipalities and agriculture. the economic backbone of the valley. >> we are experiencing the worst drought in modern history that i don't even call it a drought anymore. i call it the new normalcy because the water is simply not here. stephanie: frank ruiz is the salton sea program director for audubon california and sits on the state' lithium valleys

commission. he says the ecosystem, a crucial habitat for millions of migratory birds, has nearly collapsed. >> the worst in our mental crisis on the west. we lost over 97% of the wetlands in the last few decades. the agricultural industry turbine development. stephanie: lithium extraction here could grow to a multibillion-dollar industry that drives the transition away from fossil fuels. but if done right, many say lithium could benefit the long-suffering region, one of the poorest in the golden state. the dyna sits on the deserted highway leading to the concentration of geothermal power plants. it may be the only eatery for miles but it also serves a mean plate of -- ruben hernandez owns the establishment with his wife. what are your concerns about the

lithium industry coming here? >> the concern is that -- e revenue -- the first time they come, they said here is money. and then they leave and they take all the profit and they don't leave nothing here. stephanie: he says the surrounding towns need services, especially better access to health care. >> there are a lot of people who have allergies, asthma, nosebleeds. there's been a lot of research but we have never been given a clear answer on the cause. stephanie: elizabeth's mily has lived in the north shore neighborhood for 12 years with a view of the salton sea from their backyard. her son has asthma which researchers have linked to the toxic dust blowing off the salton sees lakebed. the region has some of the worst

air quality in the country and the children have a higher rate of asthma related er visits van in most parts of california. lithium extraction will bring more health hazards. >> we don't know what is in the air. this is why we are worried about lithium. what more problems is a going to bring? they say it will have less of an impact but they are not saying there's going to be no impact. >> what we have here is momentum that we have not seen around the salton sea. stephanie: representative radel ruiz wants to leverage that momentum by getting the burgeoning lithium interest to help foot the bill for the community's problems. >> they have been sick and tired of politicians that come and promised to fix the salton sea and they have not seen any progress. stephanie: what does the lithium industry have to do with the salton sea? why should they have to pay for that? >> they are benefiting from the resources of the environment that is at jeopardy to the local residents.

stephanie: even before lithium has proven a viable industry, california has enacted a tax on any lithium produced that will go partially towards salton sea remediation efforts and local community programs. >> this is an incredible opportunity not just for the local community, but also for our nation because he does a matter of national security to have our own steady source of lithium and batteries instead of relying on other countries like china. stephanie: back at the diner, hernandez says he would just like to know when the lithium plants will be open so he can prepare for more customers. >> all of the people will need housing. they will need service and maybe the town -- stephanie: i'm stephanie sy in the imperial valley, california. ♪ geoff: artist and photographer

wesaam al-badry's family fled his home country of iraq, at the start of the gulf war. that experience has shaped much of his work, which focuses on capturing human struggle with dignity and love. tonight, he shares his brief but spectacular take. >> i alway wanted to make people as beautiful from possible. if i'm doing documentary, doing my art. if you google anything about arabs, it's always with a gun, being violent, being abusive. we could never look beautiful. ando me, that did not sit well. ♪ >> i was born in a rack in 1980 -- iraq in 1984. you hear the jets fling over -- jets flying over, bombing the iraqi military. then you hear a few minutes later the iraqi military bombing the civilians, my grandmother screaming at my mom, you need to get your kids out of the city. you need to get your kids out of the city. there was blood all over the streets. like that was my first introduction to people dying and

death is that i thought they're going to sleep. my sister, she was about two weeks old. you know, she was born and we had to flee, and i had to carry my other brother on my back. and, you know, my other brother carried the other one and my mom had to carry my newborn sister and my other sibling. and, you know, we, we worked for four days in the rain, you know, mud and rain to get to safety. we were living in the middle of a desert with nothing. there was no tents. there was no water. then after that, we got to move in and then inland over time. we stayed for two and a half years. our name was picked in a lottery and we ended up moving to the midwest in the united states, lincoln,ebraska. and that's where i grew up. when we first moved here in '94, i was about to start sixth grade, and we lived in this low income housing unit. and but to me, it was beautiful. i can't not explain it to you when you have a good night's sleep. you know, there's something people don't understand, like

having running water and good night sleep. like it just changes a lot. i picked up a camera in a refugee camp. that was my first introduction to a camera. for the longest time, i didn't have film, but people, like, entertained the idea of this little kid trying to escape this reality. we really don't talk about our experience. like when we sit around, we joke, we laugh, we fight, but we don't talk about that time in our life like. as as if it never existed. i think we feel ashamed of it. i'm not a unique case. i'm one who gets a camera and got a mic to spe out about it.

seeing yourself healing process and that is what i want to start to do in my work. my name is wesaam al-badry. this is my brief but spectacular take on how refugees are beautiful. geoff: as always, you can watch more brief but spectacular videos online at pbs.org/newshour/brief. amna: and that is the newshour for tonight. join us tomorrow for judy woodruff's latest report in her series, america at a crossroads. she will explain how politics and social identity have become so intertwined. geoff: thanks for spending part of your evening with us. >> major funding for thebs newshour has been provided by -- ♪ carnegie corporation of new york, supporting innovations in education, democratic engament, and the advancement of international peace and security at carnegie.org.

and with the ongoing support of these institutions. this program was made possible by t corporation for public broadcasting and by contributions to your pbs news station from viewers like you. thank you. [captioning rformed by the national captioning institute, which is responsible for its caption content and accuracy.] ♪

. hello, emveryone and welcom to "amanpour and company." here is what is coming up. russian troops close in on the ukrainian city of bakhmutbakhmu. how will this affect the war? i ask mike martin and how allies will help secure a victory. plus, from cozying up to putin to launching spy balloons over the united states, tensions between beijing and washington reach new highs. my conversation with sue, author of the "kingdom of characters" about better understanding china. >> we had no idea it was a coronavirus but what we did know if it were a coronavirus we had something of help. >> a grim mark