with npr tote bag argument with his yoga bag. for fox news watch, i'm greg gutfeld. >> and i can't believe i'm seeing greg wearing a tie. thanks to our panel. i'm jon scott. thanks for watching and leave it here on fox news channel and we'll see you again next week. >> if you look back on the conflict of 20th century. liberalism and conservative ssm. ours is based on the belief of free government. >> traditional al american values and strong national defense. those are the five basic ideas of conservatism. liberty is

no -- >> when he made that statement he got me. he got me. >> you see their common enemy was liberals. >> nixon used to say what do they want now? i would say well... (inaudible) >> i set out to organize people. at that time evangelical christians had not gotten into politicians. >> they showed opposition to the equal rights. that's when we had the pro family movement. >> government is not the solution to our problem. government. is the problem. >> you come away with a sense that a free economic assistance tend to provide better lives from people than any other system ever imaged. >> read my lips. no new taxes.

>> the two groups i love are principal conservatives and nonprincipal liberals. >> the era of big government is over. >> bill clinton aviewed as a liberal one of the best presidents we ever had. >> the best hope of peace in our world is the expansion of freedom in all the world. >> the conservative movement in the last 10, 15 years is a complete hoax. they are disgusted. >> you want a government strong enough to control the border and dollar that's stable and strong enough to interject foyer in afghanistan and iraq that's a pretty big government. >> the question is not whether government is too big or small but whether it works. >> barack obama is a godsend for the conservative movement in america. >> the natural spirit is freedom conservatism is freedom. >> you can't understand modern american politics without

looking closely at conservatism. it's the most important development in mod

americans widely assume centralized planning and ever bigger government was the wave of the future. even people say if you put conservatives in the charge they could maximize social good. ♪ >> when i was 15 years old, it was socialism. >> when you were very v young you can believe those things but without much examination. >> capitalism has failed. so in the case of the alternative, socialism was pretty easy to make. >> just to get on the fifth avenue bus in new york and go from downtown manhattan to go where i live in harlem you would see enormous contrast and why

should others live like this. it liked like the best vision at the time, marxism. >> at the end of world war two by one count there were 63,000 registered members of the communist party u.s.a., 10,000 in the military. many on the left were convinced that history, like biology and physics governed by scientific laws, just like others are pulled to the ground, they believed that capitalism would ultimately be overthrown. >> they did become convinced on the understanding of history that was beyond the united states of america. >> they could bring themselves to the country. >> former commune of the agents with charges of communist agents.

>> a hearing, a "time magazine" editor named whittaker chambers says how was seduced by marxism and soon he became a courier for a soviet espionage wing that included important officials in the u.s. government. >> chambers listed six or eight of his confederates. one of them was alger hiss. he was one of the bright young men and all the excitement of the new deal in 1933. and 1945 was the temporary secretary-general of the united nations conference that was held in san francisco. it was in effect the first secretary-general of the united nations and he also went to yalta. the he was talked about being a

potential secretary of state. >> i have not and never have been a member of the communist party. >> hiss went before the committee and dazzled them but one congressman was suspicious and that was one from southern california named richard nixon. he had a feeling that hiss might be lying and he summoned him and it turned out detail after detail. >> a shocking disclosure. >> the statute of limitations on espionage was he was prosecuted for perjury. it was one of the most widely watched trials in the 20th century. >> this was the great symbolic battle over domestic communism. it largely shaped the conservative and liberal positions in the united states.

>> with the conviction of alger hiss we can see the vindication of justice. >> i never thought alger hiss was traitor to the united states. i think that was blown out of all proportion. >> some people speak about his innocence but that is an article of poise than a contribution to history. >> what it did do was elevate richard nixon from another freshman congressman to a nationally known figure. >> they will seek state department documents and they were turned over to alger shigss. >> that is why richard nixon he was tough anti-communist. the driving force of the new conservatism was a need to

defend america in the cold war. >> i say it's time that the administration doesn't recognize the communist threat but deal with it adequate and firmly. >> he became an important in the movement. chambers captures, hiss found guilty. it was about the meaning of western values versus communist values and it was kind of a scripture to many conservatives in america at that time. >> it was a profound experience to me. i drove to maryland and met mr. chambers on his farm. i was profoundly influenced and became interested in the ideology. >> whittaker chambers awakened how other values were. >> we know that reagan read him and could repeat many passages

by memory. reagan was extreme left wing liberal. and he was that in 1945 that the f.b.i. was keeping ties on him as a suspected communist. >> this is ronald reagan, it siochbd had pretty good in 1946 but prices have climbed to the highest het level in history. in 1946 he became involved in a union controversy and then an officer of the screen actors guild. when a strike situation developed reagan realized from direct personal experience how violent and unscrupulous and how dangerous communist agitators were. we're going to fix you and throw acid in your face and you'll never act again. if usual an actor, how a threat like that that freaks you out. as a democracy the real democrat

and ideological democrat, he was repulsed by the totalitarian tactics. he began to look what was happening in europe in 1947 and 1948 when the truman doctrine was imposed he supported it. >> truman doctrine was containment to stop the expansion of the communist military empire. according to the domino theory if one country fell, the neighbors might follow. that led to war in koreraa where 36,000 americans died but rolling back the minutes couldn't be achieved with american might. it took american ideas and the field commander in that battle was young man out of yale who would turn conservatism into a movie.

>> in 1950 the literary critic wrote quote liberalism is not only the dominant but even the sold int ifrn lek actual tradition in the united states. if that was true it was changing. in 1943 they published the fountain head a best selling novel that inspired legions of

libertarian thinkers. in 1944 free market economists van hayek surprised best seller the road to sircum it lea centr economies lead to totalitarianism. in the struggle for the world james burnim said the fight to communism to be the third world war. these came from different strains that would be a conservative movement. it would take another writer fresh out of yale to gather them together and define that movement. >> when i wrote my book there were only two people in america who would consider publishing it. one was and de rudrim and when i said in my manuscript i got acceptance 24-hours. it was a happy union. >> if witnesses the greatest book to come out of modern conservatism god man at yale in some ways is the most important. >> it went right onto the new

york times best seller list. this publisher that had three employees outside of chicago. it wass is toundzing. the book took the life of the country by storm. >> everybody read the book. it had a big impact. it probably was the first window open on how bad the colleges were getting to be. >> what i said was the academic freedom in modern circumstances tended to have affirm the rights and privileges of economic questions. and how is that right? >> by the time yale struck buckley was a celebrity. it was sort of the defense of senator mccarthy. >> one communist the defense plan is one communist too many. >> one university is one

communist too many. >> joe mccarthy was the first great populus to come out of american conservatism. he said look the enemies in america are not immigrants they are not poor people. they are people who have had the benefit of the highest social standing this nation can give you. they are people like alger hiss. >> are you a member of the communist conspiracy at this moment? >> he alleged he is not alone there were a couple of hundred communists in government. buckley looked at this and they did a kind of score card. he said all right here's one where mccarthy was wrong here is one that was never said and here's a couple points where he may have been right. >> there is attention in the book i think you have proved it you have been the most smeared man in american history. this book inned 58s your record. >> they got hill for it. not only before they so young they were so alone. it is easy to be a conservative today put yourself in these

men's shoes they were fresh out of college. >> they said maybe while mccarthy himself is not the ideal m messenger the search fo dangerous submersives in the government might actually be worth carrying on. >> they definitely were. as a matter of fact history has shown that the communist penetration in the state department and federal was instantly more deep rooted than anything mccarthy had ever suggested. >> mccarthy's attacks would go way beyond the state department. he claimed main line protestant ministers were the largest group supporting the communist apparatus in the u.s. >> now i just give this man's record and i want to say mr. welch -- >> what maim the needier of the early movement they investigated

the communist activities after his routine promotions of a dentist who joined the communist party. >> you have done enough. >> have you no sense of decency, sir? >> i turned away from him by his manifest de competition in 1954. a lot of people say i was his boos. i was his house guest and his wife would urge him not to drink. this would be at 10:00 in the morning. but he ended up paying no attention for the kind of detail his case was over loaded with supposition and exaggeration. >> when mccarthy was through people were anxious not to call it mccarthyism. his intelligence suggested otherwise. in 1954 the u.s. senate voted to sensory mccarthy as

suddenly he sees the spotlight he was incinerated by it. william f buckley was the beginning. it would be the most important step in the formation of the step in the formation of the conservative we had a mouse. what? where? don't freak, it's gone. how? who did it? i did. with one of these. this is a mouse trap? yeah. it's a different kind of mouse trap from ortho home defense max. it's guaranteed to kill the mouse. just push down this little lever right here and it does the rest. nothing to see, nothing to touch. you just throw it away. no mess, no drama. we can do without drama. ♪ excuse me? ortho home defense max. defend what's yours. ♪ where'd you learn to do that so well. ♪ ♪ where'd you learn to do that so well. ♪

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>> on november 19th, 1955 william f. buckley had the first issue of national review magazine. they believed history's graff tationnal pull made bigger

government inevitable. it stands at thwart history yelling stop. >> the movement didn't go here. i think until until the time they came around. >> to help him make the case he brought aboard thinkers from across the conservative spectrum. free marketers anti communists traditionalists and conservatives. >> the genius of bill buckley and work of national review was to bring all of these together to make the lions lie down with the lambs and the bears. and see that their common enemy was liberalism. >> they included whittaker chambers james burn um russell keshg author of the landmark book the conservative mind and buckley's yale roommate debating partner coauthor and now brother in law brent bozel. >> they saw it as a mischievous venture.

they were out to reclaim some truths that have been forgotten in the american conversation and they were going to take a stand on certain issues. and just say no more of this slide toward empty liberalism >> buckley is a big critic of dwight eisenhower as being an ideological dead-end being a me too republican prepared to go along with the new deal and with the arguments that led to the new deal and not oppose them. >> richard m. nixon republican nominee for vice president. >> to alay conservative fears ike chose as his running mate richard nixon who nailed alger hiss a few years ak. he won by landslides in 1952 and 56 and presided over generally prosperous times while

navigating the u.s. through a cold war. >> this is a form of world stalemate. >> they ushered in a liberal liberal with california earl warren chief justice of the united states. one of warren's first big opinions was brown verses the board of education of topeka declared segregated schools unconstitutional. many applauded the results some took warren's reason to go a dangerous power grab. the ruling discounted the original intent of the framers and relied on modern social science research. >> the result in browning is board of education i think can be reached on valid constitutional grounds. the supreme court did not reach it on valid constitutional grounds. i think the results were so beneficial they got the idea they could go on and cure other things in society while they were about it. >> others questioned if the decision would really benefit flax -- blacks at all. >> i see going to school at howard university at night. i wanted to know what do you

think this is actually going to do? i think 50 years after brown i am not at all sure. >> one thing that were certain to conservatives with all of the changes going on in america and whatever advances conservatives were making in the world of ideas it was still having a little impact in practical parole ticks. we n -- practical politics. >> we needed a spokesman. who was going to speak for us nationally and politically where

>> barry goldwater published conscience of a conservative outlining political philosophy it aimed to quote bridge the gap between theory and practice.

120 pages it was an instant hip. it was co written by national review writer and editor brent bow zell. >> my father was speech right w for senator goldwater. he asked him to write the book that every candidate writes po before running for office as i understand it others recall it my father wrote it in 19 days. >> all of the writing was done by brad bozell. no y question about that. it was based on the ideas positions and speeches and other material provided by barry gold wauter. >> he raised issues that span the conservative spectrum he talked about eclipse of economic freedom talked a lot about communist threat how it was impossible to ee piece it. he also raised the issue of moral corruption gold wauter was also concerned people were learning about toe rye on big government be dependent on big government they were losing the stern virtues of self control

independence, taking care of themselves and their own. >> 3.5 million copies is part of the conservative cannon. it inspired i can't begin to tell you how many people, young conservatives to get into politics. >> there's nothing good in communism. all it's ins are evil. >> people did not use the word conservative in barry gold wauter's books and all of these people in isolated different groups rallied to the cause and started to march. >> i think i read it late in high school early in college. you suddenly thought wow these are really clear really vivid arguments. >> in 1960 the frontrunner for the republican nomination was ooik's vice president richard nixon. if his rival was not gold water liberal republican and governor nelson rockefeller. >> i always thought vice president nixon was the

conservative while he may not be as conservative as i am he is a conservative. >> during the convention nixon flew to new york city to meet with rockefeller and in a so-called compact of 5th avenue agreed to liberalize the party's platform in exchange for rockefeller's support. >> if these basic positions are embodied in the sri pub can platform they can support in pride and vigor. >> conservatives were infuriated. >> they are gathered here and owed a little more respect than to have a secret meeting taking place in new york. >> they put co gold wauter's na in nomination and gave him an 11-minute ovation when he stepped in front of them. >> let's grow up conservative. if we want to take the party back i think we can some day let's get to work. >> gold wauter got up and said

grow up conservatives we can take this party back. that was a rallying call to us and certainly to me. they were looking for barry goldwater. >> first conservative republicans closed ranks behind nixon joined by one conservative democrat actor ronald reagan in a letter to nixon savaged jfk the ronald reagan nominee. under the boyish haircut it is still karl marks. that november nixon lost to ken bee by fewer than 119,000 votes. >> if this trend does continue and he does become our next president that he will have my whole hearted support. >> within hours the media we are asking who the republicans would put up against kennedy in 1964. >> in 1964 a long way off to me right now. >> it was widely assumed rockefeller would get the nomination. but conservatives had other ideas and now an organization to

make them a reality. >> we then got going with the serious draft goldwater movement with national review ideas becoming more and more popular in the political circles and everything before it. long before a hemi engine powered a ram truck.. it was born up here. tested down here. and proven beyond a doubt, out here. and is only available in a pickup, under here. the ram 5 year 100,000 mile warranty covers you everywhere. ram.

>> in december 1961 national review publisher bill rusher along with cliff white and ohio congressman john ash brook invited about a dozen fellow conservatives to chicago the agenda how to take control of a republican party they believe shifted away from traditional american principles become a rubber stamp for big government was now really no different from the democrats.

>> we were going to form a committee to conserve ties the republican party. what shap are sh what shall we ? let's not call it anything at all. >> supposed to be a very secret meeting. we wanted to start the conservative movement. this is the first time the conservatives had come together. people with their financial boll cal backing people that could crush the grapes could get delegates and run the campaign. >> i give you the conservative choice for president harry goldwater. >> they had the date conservative movement one way i would have the march in 1962. >> the standing room only event was hosted by young americans for freedom a conservative youth group. >> conservatives today is not the conservatives we in knoll

lapped during the heyday of liberalism and the well stafare state. conservatives make no apologies for the principals. >> we were full of ourselves we were kids. gold wauter spoke after midnight electrified us and we were on fire. >> we are going to remain free thanks to young people. >> but then as 62 turned into 63 we began to see that he didn't think he could win the president seep and he wasn't about to try. we were at one quack cuss we weren't getting anywhere what could you do when your man flew an odd run. someone over my shoulder said let's draft the son of a pitch. somebody said what if he doesn't let us draft him? let's draft him anyway. >> draft him to face john f. kennedy in 1964.

to conservatives camelot was simply the new deal in new packaging. jfk did embraces he would later embrace. best strategy to prevent nuclear armageddon was mutually assured destruction. >> i was running for congress in 1962 during the cuban crisis. the country stopped literally. >> a series of offensive missile sites is now in prep payings on that imprisoned island. >> there was a concern about nuclear exchange between the united states and the soviet union. it was of mutual assured destruction or mad. the>> the great opponent was robert mackinaw mara. they wanted to avoid nuclear war by threatening to obliterate the

threat of the soviet union. that's an unattractive way to live. >> another counter indue tifr idea. he claimed you could raise tax revenues by cutting tax rates which topped out at 91 percent. >> if there is any contrast for meeting problems with old cliches it is the moment to stop it. >> we gave the commencement address to us in yale 1962. very inspiring. he said by cutting tax rates you reduce interest on the national debt. by cutting tax rates you create more jobs help unemployment and increase tax receipts. we couldn't inford the revenue losses. >> rockefeller said yesterday he would rather see goldwater in the white house than kennedy. would you rather see rockefeller in the white house than kennedy? >> i would rather see any republican in the white house other than kennedy. (laughter) >> the laughter stopped two months later in dallas.

>> he thought the campaign was doomed from the time the tragic assassination of president kennedy, barry figured because of that understandable reaction by another part of the american people that he probably wouldn't list. >> probably a different reason to be a candidate against keen -- kennedy. the northeasterner against the craigy southwesterner. suddenly the southwesterner was facing a man from south texas who was pretty craigy himself. young people around the country were gathering to him. i think that got to him finally. he felt he could not let down all of the people around the country tick lirly the young.

>> young people have had a very decided influence on my decision. i felt if i didn't make myself available they might not vote. if you don't vote the first time your chances are you won't vote next time. >> i was the director of information for the goldwater candidacy. edward you are in place somebody has to do it we will see how you work out. once i got in they couldn't get me out. >> one group of conservatives were forced out bill buckley brent bozell even though many goldwater o positions had been

articulated by his magazine. >> he had a relationship with national review knew buckley and had a close relationship with aei enterprise and bill rudy who became the campaign manager unofficially. he argued national review has too conservative for the campaign if we quietly put them on the periphery and you let me sort of handle the intellectual input and speech writering and research. >> bill baruti was an intellectual washington political operator and managed to worm his way into goldwater's confidence. he kept pushing him and myself out. >> he wouldn't let that happen bill buckley, brent bozell who

was his ghost should have been part of the campaign. >> the thing about 1964 is by any ordinary calculations rockefeller should have won that nomination easily. he had all of the money in the world and had the establishment in his camp but what goldwater had was grass-roots enthusiaent. >> i have consistently opposed aid to elementary education in this country. >> he went out to kansas and south dakota and north dakota and went down to florida and offered the idea of privatizing social security went down to the tennessee valley authority and said i think we ought to get rid of this government subsidy. >> my dad took me to a goldwater whistle stop in southern illinois. we had to get up at 5 in the

morning to get over there and it was exciting. i stood solidly behind all of the provisions of this bill except johnson's medicare team. >> this guy is actually saying everything he believed. it was exhilarating. >> the most explosive issue race relations. in the middle of the primary season goldwater voted against the civil rights act of 1964 one of only 6 republican senators to do so. >> i do think that the oechl real progress we are going to make to get something done about this situation not just in the south but in the north and wherever segregation or discrimination exists. >> when he voted against it our party the party of lincoln became associated as a party that didn't support civil right or human equality of

opportunity. >> i saw goldwater's vote as a vote of principal if anything he was extremely dedicated to his conviction. not as some guy who was trying to hold black people back. >> it was the war in vietnam until goldwater said use nukes to end it. >> weapons would we will be done. >> i thought the nuclear weapons as an option for america was excessive. i was part of a group that attempted to organize some formal opposition do to it. >> what kind of republican are you? i replied i was not a me, too, republican. this bill holds. i won't change my beliefs to win votes. i will offer a choice not an echo. >> that's why i wrote my book a choice not an echo. i published it myself gave an order for 25,000 copies thought i would be lucky to sell them

and i ended up selling 3 million copies. a million copies were sold in california republican officials said and believed that it was the major reason why barry goldwater carried the california primary which was in june and was the decisive primary in 1964. >> at the gop convention in san san francisco cal palace jubilant goldwater writes he all but booed ro rockefeller off th stage. >> governor is entitled to be heard for five minutes. can't be heard for five minutes. >> the moderate win of the party was the first time they had lost control in modern times. >> it is still a free country ladies and gentlemen. >> suddenly they were confronted with an absolute rebellion. >> it was the conservatives who

were booing him and it was a sad moment. >> meanwhile goldwater and his staff were in the hotel suite writing his big speech. it was launch his campaign against president johnson and democrats who were branding goldwater an extremist. >> karl hess main speech brighter for goldwater drafted an acceptance address and goldwater didn't like it it's not tough enough and hard enough. he was looking for more teeth in it. >> the teeth were supplied by a little known soft spoken academic who had never written a political speech in his life. he proposed a line goldwater would use to express charges of extremism head on. >> i was there at the hearings from the platform committee they were talking constantly about extremism. that was somehow transmitted to barry goldwater. >> harry, would you craft the

acceptance speech? he also went ha. >> i would remind you that extre extremism in the defense of liberty is no vice. >> let me remind you also that moderation in the pursuit of justice is no virtue. >> when i heard it i loved it. i thought it was terrific as did most young conservatives. >> with my father when those lines were spoken i thought holy smoke that's a tough line. my father said, i just lost the election. >> his campaign slogan was in your heart you know he's right.

for us liberal folks it was in your gut you know he's nuts. >> lyndon johnson characterized barry goldwater as some what of a mad man which he wasn't at all. >> all the while johnson who had spent hundreds of thousands people advanced that he managed to be the war president escalating in the war simultaneously leading the world country and voters if you elected goldwater he would get us into a nike layer war. >> these are the stakes to make a world in which all of god's children can live or to go into the dark. >> we must either love each other or we must die. >> it was an amazing accomplishment and a great disservice to goldwater by my standard. >> we lost 16 million votes we carried 6 states.

amazing we carried those. the republican party and conservative movement is deader than a smelt. >> whatever it meant to barry goldwater we were making conservativism one of the two big rival political camps in the you states. if we didn't win in 64 we were sure as heck going to win somewhere down the line. >> the goldwater debacle laid the foundation for gop resurgence. there was a noticeable shift in the south where goldwater took carolina mississippi georgia alabama and louisiana. he lost lyndon johnson texas of course. another republican looser that year named george hw bush. he had given a conscience of conservative to his son george w who was away at school. decades later those two men would have been swept in the white house to a new conservative leader who a-rose the crushing goad water defeat

to take center stage. the story of ronald reagan's dissent in the next reel. this is brit hume for toos. -- fox news.