hundreds of thousands of lives were lost, the consequences of this tragedy are still felt today. it's 5 p.m. in ukraine and we have a news release on the espressu tv channel in the studio of iryna koval. greetings to all viewers. the secretary of defense of the united states, lloyd austin, announced that washington allocates another package of defense aid to ukraine in the amount of 1 billion. it will include missiles for heimar shells, air defense systems and other weapons. austin also confirmed that wines will arrive in ukraine this year. f-16 with

crews and trained personnel. and i will remind that today is the 26th meeting of the contact group in the ramshtein format. at the beginning, president volodymyr zelenskyy addressed the participants. dear friends, please do not forget that you decide. it is not just about supplying weapons. you are now deciding the fate of the world. the future of a world that would live either according to the rules we all recognize, or a world that would depend on the mercy of someone who carries out brutal violence. if beijing doesn't solve the problem, washington will. this is how us secretary of state anthony blinken commented china's support for the russian federation after negotiations with chinese leader xi jinping. blinken urged the people's republic of china to hold. from helping russia in the war against

ukraine. according to him, beijing supplies moscow with dual-purpose goods, which makes the country the largest supplier for the defense and industrial base of the russian federation. therefore , the american government does not rule out the expansion of sanctions against china, if this continues in the future. china has demonstrated in the past that it can exert positive influence when it comes to russia and ukraine. more than a year ago we were alarmed by the fact that the russian federation is considering the possible use of nuclear weapons. i believe china's voice was important, at least at the time, and helped to dissuade russia from such a possible course of action. urgent evacuation due to the threat of a terrorist attack. people began to be taken out of two medical institutions in kyiv. in particular, we are talking about the children's hospital on bogatyrska street, the kyiv city state administration reported. such actions are due to the announcement of the russian army about a two-by-one strike. hospitals of kyiv.

the occupiers spread the information that the medical ukrainian servicemen are in the institutions. the kyiv city state administration notes that all this information is a lie and a provocation by the russians. underground schools will be built in zaporizhzhia - announced the head of the regional military administration, ivan fedorov. also , in the near future , major repairs of shelters in ten educational institutions will begin in the region. according to the words. fedorov for a safe route in the region, logistics will be updated and school buses will be launched. on september 1, 50,000 schoolchildren of the zaporizhzhia region should have a choice whether to study online or offline. why i emphasize, they should have a choice, because really offline training in the zaporozhye region is about responsibility and about responsibility comprehensively as an organization. of the educational process,

both regional and local authorities, and parents who clearly understand that today the deadline, the deadline for the rocket to reach the city of zaporizhia is calculated in seconds, not minutes, the challenge we set before our team, we have to build 10 underground schools until the end of the current year, this indeed a challenge that i believe we can handle together. the chernobyl disaster divided the lives of many ukrainians into before and after, the name of a little-known town became synonymous with the tragedy. according to the data of the institute of national remembrance, 3/4 of the territory of europe was contaminated with radioactive cesium at that time. millions of ukrainians and residents of neighboring countries received significant doses of radiation. what the liquidators remember 38 years later and why the radiation threat from...

is relevant again, we look further in the story of yaroslav hopatsa. it happened 38 years ago the biggest man-made disaster of the 20th century, the reactor exploded. of the fourth power unit of the chernobyl nuclear power plant. he was called the youngest and most modern. however, after april 26, it became deadly and showed what the soviet reality really was, because the authorities at that time did everything to hide the consequences of the disaster. according to historian anatoliy bondar, for several days the world knew nothing about the explosion, a sharp increase in the radiation background was recorded in denmark and sweden, and moscow was asked. to give an explanation, instead there to show the world that they say nothing it happened, thousands of people, including children, took out a festive demonstration in kyiv on may 1. this station was built, it was a fast-track station,

these reactors were of poor quality, there was no way it was built to start it up faster, and in fact, this chornobyl power station, it... provided energy abroad, the reactor had terrible problems, tried emergency stop, but, unfortunately, it did not work, on that terrible day, all the services that worked 24x7 raised the alarm to stabilize the situation, in parallel with liquidation of the fire continued and the evacuation of the population, in general , more than 600 thousand liquidators fought the consequences of the accident, who sacrificed their health while saving others, one of them was oleg. who went to chernobyl as an inspector of the state postal inspection of the 30-kilometer zone. his duties included controlling fires in the territories and performing other assigned tasks. he says it was not easy, and besides, the situation was oppressed by the wasteland. the man stayed there for a month, after which they were replaced by

colleagues from odessa. the most terrible thing was that extinguishing fires, water flowed into the reactor and... a hydrogen mixture was produced there, the funnel of which would have exploded to the white church of chernobyl, a lot of people died, i am silent for kyiv, practically none of the liquidators are healthy, but here is valery at the moment after the tragedy, he worked as a driver in the biloterkiv bus park and was involved in the evacuation of the population, after he transported the station staff, the man also delivered people who came with... for documents and things, he is reminded of that time by photographs and passes that allowed to enter the forbidden zone, they took schools and people out of the village, we also took them to makarovo, left them there, imagine if you go, you entered a village where

everyone knows each other, people have lived there for centuries, as they say, and here they don't leave everything, they collect it in a hurry, they say goodbye, it's certainly terrible to look at all this, so what... that a dear person is in her place, she loses what she has collected for years, then she started giving patches there, they gave us these iodine pills, such as n' 5 kopecks were old, such, then it was the first in we had protection, and before that we had no protection, they just came and that was it. the chernobyl tragedy served as a warning to all humanity, how changeable our future can be with uncontrolled radiation, the current... russia's behavior is once again putting the world on the brink of disaster, because the zaporizhia nuclear power plant is under occupation. yaroslav hopatsa, oleksandr kuga, espresso, bila tserkva. i want to remind

you about our collection. the intelligence unit of the third regiment of special operations forces needs means of communication and security. they fight for independence of our country in difficult battles on the eastern front and give us an opportunity. live, work and study. our goal is uah 720,000. and we want to thank you that with your help we have already made the advance payment and we have to collect less than uah 300,000. so do not delay, the war continues and the help of each of us is very important. you can now see all the details on the screen, so join the gathering. these were the news for this time, you can read more about... on our website espresso tv, also a brief summary of the main you can be found on our social networks, do not forget to subscribe and watch our unique content on youtube. our team is working to ensure that you see the updated news release at 6 p.m.

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stronger welcome to the espresso channel. today, in the war and weapons program, we will talk about weapons, but in a somewhat unusual dimension, we will talk about the potential and opportunities of society, if it is about ukraine, or about the population. if it is about hostile russia, as the main and extremely important component of the war. it is not only about the amount of mobilization resources, but about what forces, motives, approaches, and concepts are used by the states to resist and win the war. this is actually about the stability of our society against the russian horde that is coming the front not only under coercion, but also for money, and sometimes the desire to make ukraine and you and me disappear. so, about the enemy and our... system and about whether civilization and democracy can give a decent rebuff to these authoritarian regimes with

their invented and tried-and-tested hybrid technologies for establishing a new world order. this is what we will talk about with our professional experts in the war and weapons program. my name is serhiy zgurets, i am the director of the information and consulting company defense express, which is now jointly with the channel espresso strives to highlight the most relevant. trends in the field of security and defense, and now we are joined by oleksandr shulga, the head of the institute of conflictology and analysis of russia, this is such an informal association of sociologists, ah... analysts, researchers who study russia. mr. oleksandr, i congratulate you, i am glad to see and hear you. congratulations, i just want to clarify that now it is already formal, we are also registered as public organizations. well then i will say, i will also then add that, relatively speaking, you studied russia there not only theoretically, but were mortarmen, fought in the armed forces and

saw what the enemy was doing on the battlefield, how he acted. and this is probably also an important experience in order to understand the enemy. and i would like to start our conversation with whether there are differences in assessments of the russian state before a large-scale invasion from now after several years of war, what has changed in the enemy and what we did not take into account in the behavior, intentions, moods of the russian population in the conditions of the war. first of all, we did not study russia deeply and comprehensively before the beginning of the war of the 14th year, and even more so well, it was a miscalculation of everyone and not only the powers that were changing, but also us and you, i

mean scientists, experts, we really lived in such a situation. you know, in the world of illusions that we understand the russians, we basically lived in the same country, well, they can be superior, they can be so gullible, if in simple language, but they do not pose a threat, all these statements in the beginning even the division of the soviet union, regarding the fact that you will answer to us for crimea, crimea is generally on... and so on, we thought that it was, well, nothing there is nothing wrong with this, well, they will talk and it will not go any further, but even after the 14th year, when crimea was already annexed, when a part of the territory in donbas was annexed, we still did not resort to a comprehensive study of russia, and it is really us, this is our first very

serious miscalculation, on the other hand, the russians studied ukrainian society, studied it until the 13th. year including and after the 14th, but the plus point is that, despite everything, they did not take into account, they did not understand ukrainian society, and it was a formal study, in fact, these conclusions about ukrainian society, its readiness to fight, were constantly adjusted, and in fact only what the superiors wanted to see reached the top, in fact the conclusions were directly opposite, our chaotic... principles, they took it for weakness and unwillingness to fight for their independence, that is, it is also a plus, they studied, we did not study and did not see a threat, they studied, but they did not want to see the real results, what concerns russian society now and what we have with you understand and what we constantly prove to our western partners, the problem

of the russian-ukrainian war and the problem of russia for ukraine and the world... it is not exhausted by putin's regime, it is rooted in deep, deep, such immanent features of russian society. changing putin's last name to mishustin or patrushev or even sobyanin will not bring anything fundamentally new. it will not make ukrainians and other neighbors of the russian federation feel at ease. security in the fact that russia is a predictable and non-aggressive country. on sorry, that won't happen. you and i actually returned to russia, as it was known all the years of its existence, in one form or another, as a threat. and accordingly, we, as ukrainian society and as a state, and our partners in the european union and beyond,

have to, well, have to accept this. this plume. in the 1990s , this storm, this unnatural situation in which russia was in, it has finally passed and we will return it, everything has returned to normal. russia is a threat. mr. oleksandr, i would like to assess one thing based on your experience. ot now the russian military-political leadership is introducing a kind of new social contract, that is, i had the opportunity to see certain studies of the russians there, and they are talking. that the essence of this new treaty should be that the society or the population of the russian federation perceives the war as an ordinary thing, that it is normal. component, and in order to limit the impact of the war on the so -called demobilized population, that is , in fact, the population that does not want

to sacrifice anything, but it should not be touched, the war must remain such a direction that does not affects the population of the russian federation, and in this way it is possible to prepare the conditions for a long-term war of attrition without much risk to ... the russian political regime, i would like to ask you how effective such a concept is, how viable it is, whether we should accept it how is this such a new systemic risk, how is this new social contract in general, although i do not completely agree that it is such a social contract, how to treat it in these current realities, it is very multidimensional you asked the question, it's really this... this main dilemma of the russian regime, that is, for their survival, they have, they have to maintain this eternal war, and they cannot

return even on february 23, 24, 22 , but at the same time they have to adhere to the social contract that they introduced themselves, starting back in the early 2000s, that is, you do not get involved in... politics, we support you with such a high standard of living, after the 14th year, they also raised the rates , i mean mode, that is they said, we give you a little grandeur, and you also don't actually feel it, this is after the annexation of crimea and the beginning of the creeping occupation and the attempt to occupy donbas, but after the start of the full-scale invasion they actually did. precisely this social contract, which they themselves introduced and violated, that is, they, that is, the population does not get involved in politics, they keep their part of the contract, but

life worsens and not just life worsens, but this very population is sent to die, is sent, is mobilized forcibly and is sent , well, actually in the trenches, and... it is on the one hand, on the other hand, we need this population, since the blitzkrieg did not end, we need to somehow motivate it, in addition to economic ones, we need some incentives, well , ideological, intangible ones, and here is this dilemma, this svo, so-called, actually puts people in prison for the war, on the other hand, and how will you ideologically motivate people to go to some svoo. and we really see this in our research, we conduct research in russia on an ongoing basis, we ask, of course , questions about the perception of the war by the russians and

their understanding of the goals of this war, and here indeed in the russians are leaving, well, this is such a dissonance, because we constantly see this dilemma of russian propaganda, the russian regime, and the evolution of russian propaganda, and even z-patriots, you know, the nuclear electorate, both for putin and for victory, they are confused about why, well, it all started, as a rule , it boils down to, well, we oppose the west, the west, but this dilemma, that is, on the one hand , it is the svo, on the other hand, it is a people's war, for the survival of russia, we really see it, and the regime is trying to balance between material incentives, er... brothers participation in this war and not enough material incentives alone, and you mentioned research on the territory of the russian

federation, you them, i consider them quite unique, because you are looking for such methods of obtaining information, data that other social services, in particular from ukraine, do not can do it, you did the data based on the results of the 22nd year you had the intention of the plan to evaluate the story. the state of russian society according to the results of the 23rd year, did you manage to do it according to the results of the 23rd year and what changes are now possible, are they so noticeable, about which we can say? well, first of all, what did you start your question with regarding the new normality, the new everyday life, war as a norm, the routinization of war, it really happened, and it really is a game. and on the one hand , on the stability of the regime, because when we asked at the end of the 22nd year and asked the question to the russians: name what worries you first of all, it was the war, well, they called us...

it was called the war, it doesn't matter , it is true that 50% of the first elections were called war without thinking, and twice as much were called economic problems, now in these one and a half years of our observations, numbers are diametrically opposed, economic problems came to the fore, a request to putin, as the elected president, to solve the economic and financial problems of russians came to the fore, with... the successful completion of the so-called svo is not called the first priority, it is one of the top five, well , problems, tasks for putin, in terms of solving it, and we see that the regime also understands this, they also have their studies, of course, and they are now also trying to solve this question, in what way, if on the one hand there is economic problems, there is a deterioration in the financial

condition of russians. on the other hand, the war can no longer be an excuse for these problems, how to explain to the russians what must be tolerated, and we see that another factor is being used, the factor of terrorist attacks, the factor of fear and that the war is coming to your home, a step in city hall - this is only one of the first steps, this topic has come up more than 250,000 times this month. in the russian media, that is, you and i, exactly a month has passed since the date of this terrorist attack, it was a top-five topic and a top-five term in of the russian media for these months, these weeks, only these serious floods and the complete incompetence, as always, of the russian authorities in their decision, it slightly balanced

the discourse and what... was discussed in the russian media sphere, but nevertheless we see something, practically every day, the russians reported that they exposed this group, this group was exposed, icons with explosives from european countries, which, of course, were filled in ukraine, today in volgograd, it seems, or so in volgograd, as if another 17 - tyrian terrorists were exposed and so on and on, that is, from... now the russian regime is trying to find an answer to the fact that, on the one hand, war is routinized, war is the norm, but on the other hand, how then to explain why life is deteriorating, if everything is according to plan , if we are winning, if the west is afraid of us, then why do we live so badly then, and here they return to the years 99-2000, to the factor and the map of terrorism, and mr. alexander,

then the question arises whether all this... history of connected with the internal tightening of the nuts due to the threat of domestic terrorism, does it somehow affect the mood of the russian elites, relatively speaking, if we are talking about such a category, that is, either the russian head of the clan head, or is there a certain tension there, because linguistically speaking, it seems that last year you said that you should not hope for any there are changes or contradictions in the elites, now this... in what direction is the situation developing, because why am i asking, after the prigozhin rebellion there was silence, here are the reports from yesterday or the day before yesterday that they arrested one of the deputy ministers of defense there, and i think this is a sign of what, which trend, because it's not for nothing, they probably took care of shoigu's entourage, are there any nuances there that we should know to take into account, well, there are

two important factors that... which still leave me pessimistic that this is some such significant split. first, we still have little information, we remember when this information appeared, you know, it is purely information, there are connotations, its evaluation, yes, some emotional coloring, but when information first appeared that this timur ivanov for the minister of defense, but was detained pure information, that is... everyone was in a stupor, i mean the russian propaganda media there, in general the russian media, they did not understand how to present it, that is , he was simply detained until it was clear, he was being taken here and there, that's all , now it is not yet clear how it will be promoted and so far even we see only assumptions from different sides, but there is no such general line.