to do they do it. the secret lives of inside stocks may 22nd on d w. the rising global temperatures have a direct impact on food security. according to the world food program. we're a witness in an unprecedented food crisis. now, over 700, a to 1000000 people around the world assessing clinic, hung up. welcome to eco africa. i am sandra the homes that we know video right here in comp, hello, uganda to diversify and food sources and agriculture. production techniques

is one way of ensuring safe and held the food for everyone. of chris alarms coming to you from lagos, nigeria, good to have you with us. here's what's coming up. why mushrooms up big business and rhonda how to reduce the environmental impact of phone line, shop it and house to children now learning satisfaction of growing the road food while we start to show on the south africa coast, jelly fish have been striving for millions of years now or among the oldest, leaving animals on the planet. but even though they've been around for so long, they're surprisingly little research into these. let's save marine creatures. now, scientists to try to find out more about them and the critical role to play in ocean eco systems. jelly fish are among foods oldest

inhabitants, mass occurrences known as blues of jelly. fish happened roughly every 10 years, but in some regions, like allowing them to be being caused. they seem to occur more frequently. but it's hard to get dr. charlie fis thrift with the current which makes them difficult to accurately record. such invasions are usually the result of environmental conditions which lead to a drop in the number of predators. at the same time that can be facilitated by an increase in temperature, you can increase the temperature, these things will grow foster you dropped the concentrations of oxygen that will affect fission negatively, but it doesn't affect jelly fish. the jelly fish will drive in areas the fish of being forced to events. the invasion has not yet hit south africa. chris lewis is a jelly fish expert who is familiar with this. b c's in the water off cape town. so

far, 20 spaces. a note here such as the freely mouth jelly and the poisonous fox jelly fish, researches are only now beginning to understand the role that these invertebrates play in the marine ecosystem. they're not only supposed to indicate the spaces to show us when it goes system is out of whack. but they also play very important at all. that's a pace pcs, as well as criticism, notion of because junior fish companies does the actually lock up a lot of carbon into the ocean and we literally fish die. they actually sink to the bottom of the sea floor. and then the following season with the wind induced operating that you didn't get to the used for by the effect of like me in order to grow and start that cycle back again. there's a lot more to learn about a species diversity to varying. a ross has spent just over a decade, studying jelly fish together with other scientists. she wants to build a database of the different types found off the south african coast to determine whether there are any changes in the numbers. but it's a huge task. it gets more issue, we expect the tissue, we get to be in a,

out of the tissue and all that place these, this little solution. fold it in a. what we then do is we sequence it in a and we look at what species we are seeing based on the d n a. and what i can say is we are see many, many new things coming up from our collections. we've only maybe worked through about 10 percent of our collections and no data. we are discovering many, many new species. and so this has been very exciting, but the more the researches understand about jamie fish types and the numbers, the better they can determine changes in the population. and carly, them with climatic conditions. can you face certainly seem to feel at home here as the coast of south africa is one of the most species reaching the world around 10 percent of all jelly fish is live here, and many can be seen at the cape town aquarium. each species has its own peculiarities, with some only living in cold water, others in warm chris lewis is responsible for breeding them, so it's a complex and difficult task. each bases has its own for the images. so while

they're creating up subspace is one to the in will cove with the specific units of time the diet shift. we have some good appreciate you. as a genius patient, we actually have to produce enough to push in order to feed them. there's also some database and very long left, they left for 6 months or 9 months. so it was nice to have this fund by about system where we actually get a use pieces to replace the ones that actually expiring on exhibit. as well as the flow in the banks, the ocean is really good at keeping the junior per se, but as the jennifer scro you in the thanks, we actually have to adjust the flow. so that can go up to many possibilities, become very misshapen, and actually die and finish because of that. many people are fascinated by these aquatic dinosaurs or few of them. because many j, the fish are poisonous. although only a few species are dangerous to humans. some jelly fish also contain highly erotic assets and important nutrients like protein,

making them popular food in asia, but they're not on the menu in south africa, yet. instead, scientists, you hope to better understand the role of jelly fish within the marine ecosystem. and how it's effected by climate change from one asian secret show to another of you ever heard of the term keystone species? well, it's an old, there's a that helps hold up ecosystem together. always. there's a one example that is right grease, they are known as ecosystem asian is because they help create new hub thoughts for other species. and they also minimize the impact of climate change, telling me as they are oysters are real popular is so we need to protect them. this oyster and these muscles along with scallops and clamps, we are by valves. ocean creatures with 2 attached shells. fossil records place

their age over 500000000 years old before the dinosaurs. and they are found everywhere from the arctic to the and arctic. to the equator. they start out tiny, floating through the water. oysters and muscles attach themselves to an underwater surface to grow well, clams buried themselves in sand. they come in all different shapes and sizes too. they used to be so plentiful that they were given out is free bar snacks. that over fishing cause populations to decrease by 5 percent off shelby race worldwide. samuel heidi awaited her ph. d. on the history of oysters and muscles. we've had this extreme loss of a highly productive habitat. so many places in the world. and people didn't even know that it had happened. the more we learned about how valuable they are to ecosystems, the more devastating this last because that's because they do some incredible stuff

and all by hanging out in the water. ringback wherever they grow, they're busy cleaning. because the majority of by valves are filter feeders, they filled the water and sketch particles ends at the borders. so feed those particles, surrogate cats of research to muscles or controlling ecosystem of the great lakes in the united states. you can imagine a muscle sitting at the bottom of the lake, maybe in 200 meters depths. you imagine that what i call them 200 is meet us above the muscle. that's single muscle can cycle that column of water in a couple of hours. they use whatever particles they need to grow and excrete the rest in a form. the bacteria on the bottom can break down. as you can see on the left, the filter chemicals necessary for plants and animal growth, phosphorus and nitrogen of these chemicals are present. an agricultural run of some fertilizers and can cause toxic algo blooms that high levels. items also filter

more than just chemicals. pilot projects are using them to clean lakes and oceans of micro plastics. tiny plastic particles hard to see and collect the bivalves, absorb the small ones, and larger particles are excluded in feast, which can then be taken out of the water. so we can use these animals to clean up polluted water. but in a closed environment, they can alter the whole eco system. that's what the researchers discovered in the great lakes. the muscles are native to this area and have cleared the water of nutrients to well. it was quite a deal ization. they figured out of the muscles that live at the bottom of the lake have this much effect on the biology of the entirely in the open ocean. it's a different story here, muscles and oysters conform rece able to support whole eco systems. oysters are

particularly good at this overtime the searchers grow bigger and bigger and they are very complex. katie motion to work for the 1000000000 oyster project, which aims to restore 1000000000 oysters to new york harbor by 2035. as the always to reach grow ocean plants attached to them, which attracts small fish and other animals to become a nursery and a feeding ground for all different kinds of organisms. so hundreds of other species, fish, crafts, little, tiny, antique organisms will make their home. and on the way survey, these rece also support of the larger animals. a study of new zealand muscle reeves found over 10 times as many phishing of them and see horses have returned to the oysters in new york harbor. their benefits also extended beyond the structures themselves, as well as always to raise the doing is actually protecting the integrity of the world a h. i. system. when a powerful wave comes in from the ocean and hits an oyster reef,

some of the energy is broken off and lost. meaning the ways that passed that re art is damaging near the shore. this protect fragile coastal eco systems like c grasses, which function of the nurseries for ocean animals. and as carbon sinks, less wave energy also means less coastal erosion. and these ecosystem benefits can also come from farms if they're sustainably managed. the muscles inside in the system is very beneficial. most of the day works muscle farmers in south africa to make sure their operations are sustainable as possible. sustainable fishing practices, for example, trying to ensure that the minimize co interrogations and attendance protected species, muscles are hung from ropes suspended in the water. the animals could become trapped in with the ropes properly anchored. it's extremely red. this happens the

also trying to ensure that their muscle fox themselves cannot have an impact on the basic heavy test that they will paint over in a closed environment like this day, excuse me, from the muscles could cover the ocean floor. so platforms are rotated to make sure they don't overwhelm ecosystems 5, all farms require no feet and no antibiotics as they get everything they need from the water rope. chrome muscles have a carbon footprint and 0.25 kilograms per cubic. for comparison, beef is around a 100 kilograms per kilo, and only other methods as soon as the action waste products from muscles and oysters can be used in a circular way. how much but who we can use now that we can use it says types of all tiny town extra. he uses the lift, the shells. it should be mico kenny composed of them as building material. the shells also sequester carbons by bounds, pull it from the water, and use it to grow their shops. crushed up the shelves can be added to concrete

instead of limestone. but the best use for the shelves is the simplest. growing more bivalves. old shelves are often we used for farming, but can also go to restoration projects where the shellfish are left in the water instead of eating. these projects are springing up around the world from australia to new york city. and we've collected almost 2000000 pounds of shell already. the shows are cleaned and placed in cages. resource or cages are put into shipping containers that we've converted into a, a way to set oyster alarm high onto shell. add water from the harbor, then some larvae, and after a week they're a baby oysters. the cages are then moved into the harbor. as the oyster re gross, it creates an eco system, will also benefit in people on shore. we can expect a ton of fish that had a boisterous to be added to the brain environment of 3 or restoration surprises.

so why more bibles generally mean cleaner waters? the positive impact of muscles and oysters can be doubled through circular uses for their shops. and of all of them. wasters of the superheroes filtering, sheltering, protecting and restoring. that's why we should be doing everything we can to put more of them in our waters. and there is one thing, but we can all do. that means we never have to worry about the cost of the cost of fruits and vegetables. you know, next report we visit a school right to in uganda, whether the young students are. we've also seen plastic to grow their own food fresh and they get into the sea with phoenix and the coverage you'll get into that keeps you into bed. and for all of the young farmers of said kizzy to high school are successful the produce from their school farm is used to feed their entire

student population. the students at the school on the outskirts of compiler already grow vegetables such as cabbages, raised chickens, and farm. they don't fish know they're collecting waste plastic bottles that they use to build a practical gardens in various farms. and to make the most, the remaining growing space use it helps us in the way that we plant a lot of different plants you need. we have this come always need. um, we have the tomatoes, the tv, you know, if you have a small environment the to them, some of us have poor above ground. but to these it can help us in the way it takes us. but one bottle building has a roof stop garden with mushroom cultures and waste caught in husks for soil. inside the harvested mushrooms are sliced and dried for storage. this is simply an

ecological way of using our spacing to invite them into web by we're trying to avoid all the different for us. got down that you can choose day. we don't want this environment anymore. we have to end of it and have come up with solution through the projects, the students are learning innovative, eco friendly and sustainable. growing practices to be self sufficient to guarantee a healthy diet. from uganda, we had to run to with found lose. so also costs of anything, mushrooms bought on a bigger scale than those school children we just met and they believe fund guy are the opposite to many of the was problems. who were the sold will demand is definitely growing. and most true farming is quickly becoming one of the most of the creative agriculture like to reduce an offer got in the adult human interior of face. hans, so my gumbo, at least, is cultivating across that could help improve food security. in rwanda,

oyster mushrooms, mazda in the economy, and give your organs every whom you did a whole lot. and i have been cultivated mushrooms for 5 years. did a robot mean? see the rapid growth set them apart from other crops? when i get a good between 9 and 15 days after cultivation, the mushrooms are ready for sale. well, when i think it is, i'm, is that done? well, i mean, with other cups, you often have to wait 5 to 6 months before they can be harvested. but i'll get you over to them. we love with mushrooms and generating revenue within just 2 weeks you it's indeed we have many advantages over other crops. oh yeah. yeah, no, that's not the one i need you to be in that the most out of look on the, on those simon gumbo, every groceries mushrooms in rugal, rama village. one of 15 villages supported by key golly funds it's trained around 700 small. hold the phone this and has the hot specially built which the pharmacy's

for free. it also provides them with production and commercialization assistance. the social enterprise was set up by loan des moines in 2010. previously, he ran a micro brewery in new york that he wanted to move to africa to do something sustainable with the community impact. and then inspiration hit as the bookcase closed them. i see them running home mushrooms going to help save the world. and i thought, yeah that's, that's too much, you know, how can help them and how can most of them save the world. but i started reading the book and it was very quickly convinced that mushrooms are, it is incredible organisms that can do a lot of good things. if you, you know, if you use them in the right way, they can be good for people's health. you're very healthy. to eat, to very nutritious, they can be very good for the environment because they have a tendency to recycle organic matter into something useful. the economic conditions in rwanda are ideal for the cultivation of several varieties of

mushrooms and the crop is an ideal solution to one of the problems. the country faces its growing population which currently numbers around to 14000000 and the limited availability of arable land, which encompasses some 1400000 heck to as this indicates that our current land resources may not advocacy and show for security for all citizens in the future, however, we shall still seems viable solutions for from mushrooms, probably a significant role in the settle up by the economy of it's always the issue of negative effects that are cropping, vested use in the long time. that's because it's used as a substrate for the mushrooms golly. thumbs provide support to local wheat farmers when they harvest and then vice the wheat store, which is then fermented into substrate. the form is used to burn the crop for as a deep contributing to at pollution. the countryside is where you find more agriculture ways that can be converted into mushrooms. so we started with that and

in 56 years into it, we started with button mushrooms. no budget mushrooms worldwide is the number one, commercial mushrooms everywhere. it's 90 percent of the of the cultivated mushroom around the world. but it was 0 in rhonda and it's very, very low in africa. requiring minimal inputs in terms of cost, land and labor mushroom funding is benefiting local communities here in rwanda, as well as helping decrease emissions and improve soil quality of the u. my passions and mushroom plumbing stems from the many benefits. it's given me the eta and so i was showing ma'am, is that still growing cycle takes around, sorry. you know, it's crucial. but even once it's finished, mushroom substrate goes retain residual value food and we can use it as high quality mendoza and which is ideal for various crowds, especially vegetables. so the harvest is good to move fluid levels local as a menu say what the hunchback to the on the slides is which the great and the soil

comments and the well controlled with the vocal folds between what smooth mushrooms are increasingly seen as an affordable, unhealthy food and a much more environmentally friendly source of protein than me. instead of having your hamburger with beef in it, you could have a vegetarian burger with the, with the mushroom and it, that's just as delicious, much healthier for you and the shelter for the planets. the mostly informing fits well with the real ones in government's plans to make agriculture claim. it smells particularly we didn't go to the 9th is only 2 teeth, quite claim wayne to integrate climate smart agriculture and to agriculture policy . go to do with, along with the teachers will promote sustainable lighting, environmentally friendly farming methods. we aim to support all forms of agriculture or funding generate organic fertilizers. this approach not only aids in

combating the impacts of climate change, but also diversifies our reliance would be on mushrooms. you wouldn't have doing any reasonable for. so what i'm going to need to do, you mean are we to be today to we are with it's many benefits to the environment. mushroom funding is helping room to meet its target of reducing greenhouse gas emissions by nearly 40 percent by the end of the decades. believe it or not mushroom. so we're also being used as a basis for a sustainable alternative to plastic pocket to box urgently needed as online shopping continues to boom. the packaging problems get worse and worse. next story takes us to are media in eastern europe. we're one scottsdale came up with another we consume as can keep buying online without adding to the waste problem. ringback the new order online, and a few days later, the mailman brings everything right to your doorstep. the boxes that tile up are

necessary evil because nature of a stomach with them all these boxes make the home look so messy. request someone to but we felt that needed to change the curriculum and we came up with the idea of developing the best packaging solution. audit bought the mean good idea on sunday last year global parcel shipping volume amounted to over 161000000000 parcels. it takes 2 kilos of what to produce one kilo of packaging paper. and that means a lot of trees has failed to make those parcels adina who most start up designed a returnable packaging solution that can be reused up to $500.00 times to a consumer shopping online. can opt for environmentally friendly packaging. with just one click, the once the packaging has been removed,

its return to the courier and sent back a service for which customers pay extra. means that a small online customer, i want to have returnable packaging. yeah. and different things that if that's the challenge for the startup is finding as many companies as possible to take part in the system. this large, online bookseller with branches throughout bucharest is already on board. the others are the normal cardboard. packaging is wasteful. we don't want to put more cardboard on the market, it usually ends up in landfill. assume that you know the one we are. do you know who my hopes that more and more online shoppers will opt for returnable, re usable packaging? not on one. yeah, we remain and still have to go to catching up to the on site and we need to educate the public or to use we had to explain the difference between reusing and recycling,

but we kept tots it. now people understand how the conservation of results is, what if, if you have the percent menu, the european union's green deal plans on making the you claim it neutral by 2015 a. do you know who my things recreates? returnable packaging solution is a highly promising one. she just wishes she'd have the idea sooner. that states for this weeks show all the bald climate slots solutions for fighting for the security of protected the planets of crystal legs and its good bye for v a nigeria, the end i am the son druck holmes, that we nobody will sign and go from uganda. thank you for joining us on the do check out our equal offer go online dot films for more good stories, right, to us, odd eco, at d, w dot com. see you again very soon. the

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keep corresponding economy and data. we use russia analyst konstantin again. good to have you guys on this. yeah.