this is bbc news, the headlines israeli air strikes has continued across gaza, our correspondent witnessed one of the eight air strikes around khan younis on sunday. in total, 23 people were killed on sunday with 200 more injured . the world health organization says it lost all contact at gaza's main hospital, and has grave concerns for staff and patients. another major health centre, the al quds hospital, has stopped accepting any more patients. seven people are charged after violence during armistice day protests in london. 145 people have been arrested, the vast majority from right—wing groups. the home secretary thanks the police for their professionalism. and in france, over a 100,000 people gathered in paris to march against anti—semitism. for the first time, a march attended

by the representatives of major parties included far right leader marine le pen. now on bbc news...click this week, paul has been tackling blazes in germany. question — how do you attract the right fish to your net? we'll shine the light on a colourful solution. oh, look at that. pennies from heaven. and... take a feel. you can feel the texture. it's really. ..soft. yeah. eurgh, that's not what you need from a crisp.

we'll find out why it's crunch time for al. news report: it is an inferno | and it's leaving little in its wake. we've seen wildfires raging across many countries over the summer months. the hot, dry conditions exacerbated by climate change are making them more frequent and more intense. and it can often be a real struggle to bring them under control. high—tech solutions are changing how we tackle them, whether it's drones dousing the fires or satellites predicting their spread. and paul carter has been to a forest near berlin to find out how one company is trying to prevent forest fires from taking hold in the first place. it's conventional wisdom that the earlier a forest fire can be stopped, the better. but often a fire can already be well—established before it is noticed, making it harder to put out.

but one company in germany believes it has a possible solution by using internet of things sensors and al to understand what forest fires smell like. the basic function is like an electronic nose that we put into the forest, and it can actually smell a fire. we can detect fires during the smouldering phase. so a few minutes after someone has thrown a cigarette, we should be able to ring the alarm bells. every forest fire has a unique aroma based on what surface material is around. i love that smell. yes? paul laughs. their forest ecology expert drjurgen muller collects these samples from around the world and then burns them to generate the data to train the al on what an actual fire in a specific location may smell like. ok, now we close the chamber.

this test, we have 400 degree. 0h, right. and so the smoke's being drawn into this chamber. mm. you can actually see it moving across into there, yeah. so it doesn't need very much smoke, then? i thought there might be... that is enough. this is our fantastic idea. yeah. we need small smoke. here we have the sensors. and the sensors in here will be able to detect when that smoke comes through, but also be able to tell you what sort of smoke that is? right. these tests allow the team to build a vast bank of data and help spot real fires, and avoid false alarms from things like cigarettes or exhaust emissions. but in lab conditions is one thing,

but what about out in the wild? it was time to start our own forest fire. under strict supervision, of course. we can see is it a real fire or is it something else? the main cause of uncontrolled wildfires is us humans. it's often barbecues, cigarettes or glass bottles which start a fire. because of this, dryad looks to put the sensors every 100 metres in more remote areas and 15 metres near well—walked paths. so it looks like quite a lot of smoke coming off there. would that be enough already for your sensors to be able to detect? that is enough for our sensors. so this smoke needsl to reach the sensors. that means if the sensor is close to the smoke, i for example on this tree, - then you have it within seconds. yeah. but it's notjust the ai and the sensors that are innovative.

there's another problem that needed solving. we are here in a forest, in a ruralarea, where i imagine there isn't much mobile signal. how do you get the data from these sensors out to where it needs to go to? because mainly there is no internet or telecommunication _ infrastructure in the forest, - we bring our own telecommunication infrastructure to the forest. so this is the mesh gateway. oh, wow. 0k. yeah. these mesh gateways need to hear over the air if one of these sensors| in the forest has an alarm or a signal, and so on, i and then it receives the signal from the sensor and sends it. to the next mesh gateway forest. so it's like a relay? to hop, to hop as a relay. it's a border. we have the so—named border gateway... - ..to connect to the internet. so is there a limit to the area, the size that you could, that you can use this system in?

or is it simplyjust the number of relays, you could go as big or as wide as you want? we can in theory, we can go as big as we want. - so we have here a range of approximately 2km. l and then, let's say, every 2ka you have here a mesh gateway. and then you can hop to hop to hop. who are your customers or your potential customers, your target market for this? well, our customers, we currently have about 50 deployments in southern europe and north america, predominantly, are private forestry to some extent, that needs to protect the forest, understands that they have the value. but then municipalities that need to protect the areas and the people living in proximity of forest and utilities, in particular power line companies and railroad organisations that actually face the problem that their products, their services, may cause wildfires, and they might be liable for the consequential damages and we help them to protect against.

they believe that this network could ultimately support wider forestry monitoring. what we want to do with dryad networks is actually to become the iot backbone of the forest. so we want to help, to protect, but also to restore nature. and that means we will branch out from fire detection, which we do today, to soil moisture monitoring, tree growth monitoring, detecting chainsaws to prevent from illegal logging. so there are all sorts of applications that you can build with iot, once you have a telecommunications network in the forest. but dryad is one of many solutions trying to tackle the wildfire problem. and it's still early days for this technology. now, as artificial intelligence's role in our homes, workplaces and even social lives continues to grow, you'd be hard pressed to find an industry that's not using it. but ai's fuel is data and data requires storage,

and that uses a whole lot of energy. yeah, and a new study from vrije university in amsterdam is warning the technology could consume as much energy as a country the size of the netherlands, by 2027. zoe kleinman has been taking a look. ai is everywhere, from chatbots to facial recognition software, virtual assistants, to disease diagnosis. the technology is rapidly becoming part of 21st—century life. what drives ai tools are huge networks of computers stored in massive data centres like this one here in scotland. the more powerful ai gets, the more mighty machines it uses, and they need energy and they need to be kept cool. a new peer—reviewed study has warned the ai sector could use the same amount of energy as the netherlands in just four years' time. well, the key lesson should be that using ai can make an application

more energy—intensive. and just for that reason, you want to be very mindful about whether you want to use ai in the first place. alex says his research is intended as a warning rather than a prediction. experts say they can only speculate on figures because much of the data they need is shrouded in secrecy. the tech firms don't share enough of it. but he's not alone in sounding alarm bells about the environmental impact of the tech. no—one knows the price at all. a standard rack full of normal kit | is about four kilowatts of power, j i which is equivalent to a family. house, whereas an ai rack would be about 20 times that. so about 80 kilowatts of power. is there more that you could do? we use a technology . called free—air cooling. cooling is a massive overhead for datacentres and it - consumes a lot of power. so we use the scottish climate. we take the cold air- from the outside and we mix that into the hot air— that the equipment generates. a traditional data centre - in the past would have used

refrigerant and cooling systems that generate a lot of power, _ so the free—air cooling can reduce that by up to 80%.j ai is going to use a lot of power and in turn . generate a lot of carbon. but there are small steps - that they can take, for instance, making sure that these ai workloads are deployed in regions _ of low carbon intensity, so use green energy, . like scotland, for instance. but is there anything ai could do to help solve the problem? well, ai can definitely be of some use. i mean, in the end, wheneveryou're building these models, you're going to be left with something that can do something. and it depends on what kind of context you're using these models for. the most well—known models right now are language models that are used in chatgpt and similar services. but of course, you can also use it in all kinds of ways. you can use it for climate modelling. google and american airlines

recently found pilots could halve the amount of contrails created by planes using al to select their altitude. contrails, those streaks in the sky, contribute to global warming. and the us government is spending millions of dollars trying to recreate nuclear fusion, the way the sun gets its energy. the hope is that al can help. success here would give us a limitless green power supply, but it means we have to gamble that the environmental price tag of building al to find out, is one the planet can afford. the winners of the 2023 earth shot prize have been announced, prince william presented the awards in singapore, the companies climate change has taken place. a former senior staff member at meta, said

instagram is not doing enough to protect teens from sexual harassment. the formal worker says he realised there was a problem when he realised there was a problem when he saw his daughter's experience on a social network postop i was shocked and asked her what she did? she said, there was nothing i could do because i had no option to report it. so ijust blocked the person. so i asked her what happened? she said, yes, theyjust laugh it off and move to the next person. the yes, theyjust laugh it off and move to the next person.— yes, theyjust laugh it off and move to the next person. the founder and ceo of bumble _ to the next person. the founder and ceo of bumble is _ to the next person. the founder and ceo of bumble is stepping _ to the next person. the founder and ceo of bumble is stepping down - ceo of bumble is stepping down after nearly ten years in charge she designed the app where women make the first move. she passed the bus on dislike boss. there is no it live action version of the legend of zelda, there is no word on the part or cause, but you will be between

the film—makers behind the spider—man children. —— a trilogy. now, the fishing industry is big business, but one of its big problems is something called bycatch. now, bycatch describes fish and other animals, such as dolphins and sea turtles, that get inadvertently hooked or entangled in fishing gear. this bycatch is then usually discarded overboard, either dead or dying. environmental charities have been working with the fishing industry to try to reduce the problem. but one fisherman in scotland hopes that technology can help. my name is ian wightman. i'm a langoustine fisherman on the west coast of scotland, in the clyde. i started fishing when i was 16, and i've been a skipper for 39 years. well, i've recently become involved with a company who have developed a camera we can put onto the net, and it gives us footage

that we never had any access to. led lights, pisces lights. another piece of technology developed is called enki which is a data collection system. these are all things that we can use in ourarsenalto try and catch more efficiently. usual monday morning routine. what we have here, we have the pisces lights, attaches onto the net. you can have them flashing. we've got, i think we've got five different colours which will either attract or repel fish, depending on the colours and the configuration of them. so we're now learning the behaviour of fish to the different colours of lights,

because some light does one thing to one fish and does another thing to another fish. we have the catchcam, which is an underwater recording unit, which will give us visibility on the net in the water, which is something that we've never had access to. the cameras are extremely easy to use, they're in a purpose—made carriage. you latch it onto the net. in the olden days, everything was done by experience. you would make adjustments and you could spend maybe all day with your net on one adjustment. you come out the next day, change it again in another two or three hauls. so it could take you three, four days to make your net fish what you think is the most efficient way. whereas with catchcam, you can see exactly what your gear is doing, so it takes the guesswork out

it for us _ so this is enki, the net sensor. but the benefit with the enki is you put these on nets and they'll record data. you're measuring temperature in the water, which we use for langoustine fishing. when you get the growth in the water, you'll get better prawns in shallower water, so we've been targeting better quality prawns without the guesswork. i'll pull the strings and the stuff will come cascading down.

oh, look at that. pennies from heaven. so part of the theory behind the pisces is for not only to repel fish but to attract fish the likes of squid. using the lights on the squid nets to help attract the squid in towards the gear... ..to help improve the catches, improve the efficiency. you can see how little bycatch there is and the fish there is has been eaten by seal. well dead. so, we've got one, two small fish. put these units on six or seven boats, probably for the cost it would take for a week's charter for a government boat. so the potential for gaining data is phenomenal.

and as a fisherman... ..we have to be involved in the science. do you mind? sorry. just making the point. what is the point? crisps are noisy. well, yes, i can hear that. yeah, but it's notjust the eating of crisps that's noisy. the process of making them is noisy too. 0k. loud factories? exactly. but did you know that as the machines in the factories wear out, they make ever so slightly different noises? and if you know what you're listening for, you can keep everything running smoothly. oh, no, thanks. here's alasdair keane. he munches. this factory is producing snacks eaten the world over.

take a feel, you can feel the texture. it's really. . .soft. yeah. it's a fast business with thousands of bags of snacks leaving the factory each day straight to the supermarket shelves. keeping all these machines going is vital. in the process area, they are critical. when they stop, the whole line stops. and that's what we focus on, is where do we stop our, you know, the v, if we look at the v—curve, what stops our fryers, ovens, etc? to try and predict when the machines aren't right before they break down, the factory�*s owners, pepsico, are turning to ai—powered sensors. but the secret ingredient is something the factory isn't short of. all of these machines are really noisy. yes, they're listening to the sound

coming from each bit of machinery and analysing the health of the equipment. there is up to four sensors on every single asset. so you start to multiply that out, we've got a lot of sensors on our equipment. and how do you find using them and using the reports they give up? it's really a game—changer for us. you know, pepsico are starting to get into that digitalisation world. and, you know, this is a major part of that for us. we're starting to change how we're working. we're starting to integrate the data. we're making decisions through data and analytics. yeah, it's really taken us to a different level now. away from the noise of the factory, we can explore how it works. |at augury, we work with the largest| manufacturing companies like pepsi, to make their production lines - and the machines they operate more reliable, more productive and more sustainable. i and we do this by basically listening to the machine. l

and based on the noise, we can tell you what's wrong with them. - so we have our own sensor. that we put on the machines and we measure three things. we measure vibration, - temperature and magnetic emissions from the motor. and by analysing this, _ we can detect malfunctions months or weeks ahead of when they happen. so this is what a normal machine sounds like. i mechanical humming. and this machine has a malfunction. let's see if you can pick up what it is. i mechanical hissing. so it's much more high—pitched. but beyond that, i would have no clue what's wrong. so this is where kind _ of a sophisticated ai algorithm can really detect the specific issue that the machine has. - vibration and sound are physically the same thing, right? _ and we have today over 300 million hours of machines that we've - analysed and monitored. and we can leverage all of this - database to create algorithms that

know how to pinpoint the specific. patterns of different malfunctions. so if you have, let'sl call it a bearing wear versus another type of fault, we can detect exactly - what it is and tell— you what you need to do to fix it. detecting the problems in this way means repairs can be scheduled and problems fixed without causing a shortage of products in the supermarket. on top of it, we talk- about sustainability, right? so if the machine is working in the most optimal way, i you can reduce the energy- consumption of that machine. you can reduce the waste that the production line . manufactures by improving the quality of the product. i this tech is now being rolled out across the company's global factories after a pilot in the usa proved successful. our team was set up to work hand—in—hand with the business to understand what are the real world business needs. we then scout around the world to find the most cutting—edge technologies.

our goal is to rapidly pilot the technologies to make rapid go, no—go, decisions. and then if it works, if the solution really proves itself, help the business, scale a solution around the world. what we liked about augury is that it brings two technologies together. its sensors — that we could track what's happening in our factory, we could listen to our factory, understand sound, temperature, vibrations, but also we're able to apply aland artificial intelligence to take all that data, pull it together and get actionable insight. if your factories, though, are being more efficient and producing more products, does that mean you could close some factories? people are at the centre of everything we do at pepsico, we see solutions like augury helping make our lines more efficient. it's helping enhance how people work, so we can bring better efficiency to meet the needs of our people, of our customers. and we can be prepared into the future to meet the needs on a daily basis.

tech in factories is constantly evolving, but in the case of these snacks, i'm ok with the taste staying the same. that was alasdair. and i'm afraid that's all we've got time for. yeah. thanks for watching. we'll see you soon. bye. hello. we've a very unsettled week ahead, which is what you'd expect in november. but it's looking particularly stormy for some of us early on monday, especially across more northern parts of the uk. storm debi will bring very heavy rain and severe gales, not just to coastal areas, but also potentially damaging

and disruptive winds inland, too. let's have a look at the satellite picture from earlier on. this was the weather front that brought the cloud and the rain on sunday. and then to the southwest, we have this next area of disturbed weather and this is storm debi developing through early monday and sweeping towards the uk. so the early morning picture shows mild air ahead of the storm in the southwest of the country, around 13—14 degrees, a little bit colder across more northern parts of the country. so this is around about 5am or 6am in the morning. a nasty area of low pressure at this stage, crossing ireland and around it, you can see some very strong winds. let's pick up on those winds. it's going to be windy everywhere in the morning, certainly windy across scotland. but the worst of the rain and the strong winds are a little bit further south, from northern ireland into the north of england, particularly the lake district around the irish sea, lancashire, northern parts of wales. gusts around some coastal areas and even across the pennines could be around 80 mph and widely we are talking about 60—70 mph.

so damaging, disruptive and dangerous for a time across this part of the uk. all the while further south, yes, very blustery, but the weather's going to be better. in fact, some sunshine for parts of southern england and also southern wales. and then towards the evening, that storm blows itself out, or at least it moves out into the north sea and starts to weaken. then tuesday's weather map shows what's left of storm debi there pulling away towards the east, across denmark. we have another area of low pressure. this one will bring some blustery weather, but it won't be anywhere near as windy. and it's going to be a showery picture, so that does mean there will be some sunshine, at least from time to time. the temperatures on tuesday, typically around 9—10 degrees across scotland, rest of the country in the range of around 12—14 degrees. that was tuesday. this is wednesday. we're kind of in between weather systems on wednesday. on the one hand, this area of low pressure tries to approach us, but it does look as though it should stay to the south and the southwest,

meaning that the south of the country is in for generally dry and bright weather, whereas in the north, closer to a low, we've got showers in the forecast for scotland and perhaps the lake district as well. temperatures about the same in that sort of 9—13 degree range. thursday, weather fronts crossing the country once more. but notice we're starting to see hints of high pressure building here. whether this high pressure builds over us still remains to be seen. but i think overall, we can expect another very showery picture on thursday. yes, some sunny spells in the forecast because these are showers and i think plenty of us will at least catch them. temperatures around single figures across scotland maybe nudging up to ten in belfast, typically around 10—12 in the south. now on that rainfall, there really will be rather a lot of rain through the course of the week. in fact, if you look at these deeper blue colours, even some lime greens, they're indicating rainfall 50 to perhaps even in some spots, 80 millimetres of rain, so thoroughly wet and at times windy week ahead, but particularly stormy, i think for a time on monday

across more northern parts of the uk. so do take care.

live from london. this is bbc news. gaza's two main hospitals say they are suspending operations due to bombing, and a lack of fuel and medicine. israeli air strikes in southern gaza — our correspondent says there've been eight airstrikes around khan younis — with 23 people killed. seven people are charged after violence during armistice day protests in london. the home secretary thanks the police for their professionalism and in france, thousands of people gather in paris to march against antisemitism. hello i'm samantha simmonds. the ability of hospitals in gaza to function appears increasingly compromised this hour.