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Understanding 9/11tv Obiknovennii fashizm-2 1TV April 23, 2024 12:00am-1:11am MSK
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that somehow in the near future we will be able to find a way out of this situation, this nightmare in quotes will end, and we will return to our wonderful status quo, to international conferences, grants and so on. it seems to me that this approach today in the current conditions, it is humanly understandable, but inadequate, our business is the business of experts, not to decide, not to pretend to be...
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commanders, but to think about what can be done and share our thoughts , our information, with the country's leadership. it was a great game, see you tomorrow at air.
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paradoxical as it may seem, fascism is a child of bohemia, without representatives of the creative and intellectual elite, it simply would not have taken place, without knowing it and...
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italian intellectuals, creators of all stripes , acted as inspirers and conductors of fascism, the most villainous bloodthirsty social 20th century format. simple boy, benito mussolini, never. i would not have achieved what i achieved if it were not for the enthusiastic support of educated and thinking people. even the great greek philosopher heroclitus noted that much knowledge is not good for the mind. teaches, and a good education, as well as literacy in the field of fine arts, does not save from stupidity. creators and intellectuals
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of all times have proven this thesis more than once, because it was they who first prepared and supported the great french revolution, fascism, sincerely believing that they were making the world better, the october revolution, they also formulated it into an ideology , it is generally accepted that fascism is the enemy of intellectuals and bohemians, but this is not true. and even a brief acquaintance with the history of italian fascism gives an idea of what a huge contribution to its formation contributed by the intellectual and artistic elite. when intellectuals try to analyze the phenomenon of fascism, this aspect always remains behind the scenes, which is humanly understandable; one would like to think that barbarism is the fruit of barbarians, and not the product of a refined mind and creative talent.
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in an attempt to understand how what happened could have happened, only the lazy did not speak out about fascism; there are a million descriptions of it, but eternal fascism is considered one of the best works. umberto eco, the most famous italian cultural critic of the post-war period, analyzed everything written by pundits on this topic , he published his final sss in 1995, where he identified the key features of fascism.
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there were 14 of them. firstly, a return to the tradition of the past, secondly, the denial of logic, thirdly, the cult of action for the sake of action, fourthly, rejection of criticism. fifthly. rejection of other cultures, races, nations, sixthly, reliance on the middle class, seventhly, pride in the fact that a person is part of
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a special group, eighthly, the obligatory presence of an enemy, and a weak and strong one at the same time. ninth, life, struggle, pacifism, evil, in tenths, elitism, in elevenths, the cult of the heroism of death, in twelfths, the cult can. thirteenth, the people, a monolithic unit, a leader, a spokesman for the interests of the people. fourteenth, the creation
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of new terminology. it is easy to notice that the main features of fascism in umberto eco’s version are surprisingly similar to the popular theses at the beginning.
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published his famous manifesto of futurism, where, among other things, he proclaimed: we intend to glorify the love of danger, the habit of energy and fearlessness. courage, bravery and rebellion will be the main features. who are not sorry to die, we will destroy museums, libraries, educational institutions of all types, we
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will sing the praises of huge crowds, excited by work, the pleasure of rebellion. marinetti, like all future fascists, believed that italy should enter the first world war. like musaliniya, he was fearless, worked as a war correspondent, and fought. it was the war that brought him together with benitto, and he became one of the 119 people. which was founded in march 1919 by the same union of struggle from
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which the first fascist movement in europe grew the consignment. throughout his life, the poet provided intellectual support to the fascist regime, for which he became one of the first members of the italian academy of sciences, which was created by musolini in 1928. by the way, on the eve of the first world war, marinetti was on a guest tour in russia, where he met russian futurists. but friendship did not work out. the italian behaved arrogantly, as if he had come to visit the natives.
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he didn’t like moscow because it turned out to be a european city, and not a wild outback, as he expected. and the russians the avant-garde artists disappointed him by not admiring him as much as they should, which he attributed to his success with russian women. russian bohemia has always gravitated towards the idea of universal justice, at least some kind, but not towards the exclusivity of any people or any group of people in general. and marinetti, like any fascist, praised the collective, not at all the individualism that was in... by the way, during the second world
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war, marinetti fought at stalingrad as part of the italian corps, that is , he carried hostility towards the russians throughout his entire life life. russia and italy have always had complex relations; it was a question of faith, a question of byzantium, of which it itself was the heir. russia announced, but it’s a question of scale: russia and italy
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are incommensurable, there were, of course, good times, but there were also bad ones. compass. when hitler's european union was defeated, the anglo-saxons did not dare to start a war with the soviet union, but made sure that... europe was their sleeping agents, whose task was to prevent it.
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acts aimed at discrediting representatives of the leftist movement, politicians and leaders of public opinion. for the first time , the existence of these networks was openly announced by italian prime minister giulio andreotti, although even before that many were aware that
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the cia had an extensive network of its people in italy. exactly. they assassinated prime minister aldomor, blaming the crime on the left-wing terrorist group the red brigades. at one time, the famous italian journalist carmine pecorelli set as his goal to publish the facts of the criminal activities of p-2 known to him. in box pi2 he saw a threat to his countries tried to convey this. to those around him, for which he was sentenced to death by the highest council of the lodge. in 1982, he was shot dead on the threshold of his editorial office. according to journalistic sources
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, lodge pi-2 consisted of more than 7,000 people. silvio berlusconi was also a member of this masonic lodge, which he never hid. during the investigation into the illegal activities of lodge pi2, the names of almost a thousand people surfaced, including all the heads of the italian intelligence services. 195 officers of various armed forces, 17 police generals, 22 army generals, eight admirals, 44 members of parliament, three ministers, 24 judicial officers, several prefects and many chiefs of police. subsequently, 200
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people from the published lists died violent deaths. after the collapse of the ussr. lodge pi2 completely fell under the mafia, which is still strong in italy today. it is interesting to follow the bizarre history of the popular fascist symbol, the compass. a circle with a dot in the middle appeared in the pythagorean school back in the 6th century bc. it meant space, accessible only to a select few. members of this school worshiped pythagoras. as a deity, because the famous philosopher digitized the world, making it measurable, and of course, having joined this, the students of pythagoras considered themselves exceptional and, apparently , transferred the energy of exclusivity to their symbol. in the middle ages, compasses were used as
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a working tool by builders and architects. according to legend, it was from the guilds of builders and architects that masonic lodges grew. by the 16th century, another closed community, comorra, appeared in northern italy. his the main symbol was also the compass, and the goal was the unification of italy. the compass meant in this context the outline of the new history of the country, like... a drawing. subsequently, comora became the northern mafia of italy, which still competes with the more famous sicilian mafia. curious what it is.
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by signs on this road, members of the secret society found each other's houses. as for umberto eco, when describing the signs of fascism, he emphasized: all the signs he listed are not found anywhere at the same time, but only half are enough for the regime to be destroyed. qualify as fascist. if his assessment is correct, then it turns out that modern liberal society is clearly
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fascist, there is the exclusivity of western man, the cult of the middle class, a lot of new words, alone.
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they are difficult, but it is possible and necessary to defeat them; even the thesis of life is suitable.
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rich. the future fascist was born into the family of a wealthy landowner in 1863. his father belonged to the italian elite, so he gave his son an excellent and excellent education. food, and god also rewarded the boy with talent. at the age of 16, gabrielli had already published his first collection of poems, the young writer wrote. not only poetic opuses, but critical articles. at 26, he published his first novel, which was immediately translated into french. 2 years later the second one came out, and another year later. and the third, all of them were a huge success, danunzio was not handsome, rather the opposite, but women liked him, at least during the period when he was already
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famous, married early, gave birth to a son, at first nothing foreshadowed the adventures that fell to his lot, but vanity and the thirst for exclusivity turned out to be the most powerful incentives in his life, so gabriella went into politics, became an independent member of the italian parliament, it all started with these ambitions, find friends card. an ordinary political career was not enough for him. danunts really wanted to become a member of some exclusive group, and therefore he became a freemason. escape from jail map. literary and political successes, however, did not help danunts cope with financial difficulties. he was wasteful and... did not know how
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to make ends meet, so in 1910 he had to flee italy to france to escape his creditors. the french appreciated the italian's talent and paid his debts. but after the outbreak of the first world war, obsessed with the idea of the greatness of his country, the writer returned to italy to encourage her to take part in the war, which was largely thanks to him...
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in 1918, when the italian army began to be plagued by failures, danunzio conceived a senseless idea attack on an austrian port.
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my foray was presented to the public as a brave rey, vlogo enemy. the success of this action among the italians was incredible. as practice has shown, time does not change the methodology of fascism. fascism and pr are still inseparable. map go two fields forward. some time later, danunzio obtained permission from the military leadership to scatter leaflets from an airplane with an appeal to enemy soldiers. on this occasion, he even composed a poem, but the army leadership considered it too abstruse. the poor fellow had to throw in the title of another italian writer, secretly mixing in his own.
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don’t you see that everything is against you, why do you persist in this war, its continuation, suicide, what are you waiting for, the victory that the prussian generals promise you, but their victory is like bread, which they promise ukraine, you will die... without waiting , as follows from this text, ukraine even then in 1918 was poor and unhappy, always in need of something. the writer also could not be satisfied with this risky flight; like a true fascist, he acted for the sake of action. card "go three fields forward." 12
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on september 1919, in the midst of peace negotiations, danunsu and his detachment captured the croatian town. and proclaimed himself its commandant. from a logical point of view , it is impossible to understand this act, but it is not for nothing that irrationalism is one of the signs of fascism. having become the sovereign ruler of fiume, the writer decided to turn the cosmopolitan city into purely italian territory. it was then that the signature fascist style of clothing was born , which included elegant black. shirts, roman salutes, mass processions, heroic chants and public speeches before the masses, all these stage discoveries were quickly copied by
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mussolini, followed by the german national socialists, english fascists, and indeed all the fascists, only the color of the shirts and brave fascist speeches changed. have become commonplace. "give a country a country" card. to entertain his personal people, the restless danunzio began
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to broadcast twice a day from the balcony in front of the local population, branding the anglo-saxons with shame. it was a pure one-man theater for the entire population of the newly-minted country. the audience was excited. danunzio did not stop there; he wrote a constitution for his state, which, by the way, was the most liberal. it recognized the equality of all citizens, regardless of gender, race, linguistic culture, class and religion. women were given the opportunity to occupy any position in both the private and public sectors. out of employment. were entitled to benefits, as well as to the sick, injured as a result of an accident at work, and so on, all citizens were guaranteed a minimum wage, laugh with laughter, but this is funny
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the state was recognized by the usa, france and even great britain, fuume was declared a free city, which even had its own communist party, the smallest in the world. at first, danunzio tried to donate his city to his native italy, but she rejected the gift as too extravagant. in december 1920, at the request of the entente, the italian government forced danunzio to leave the occupied territory along with his detachment, which played the role of his small army. map:
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the center of political power, but finally abandoned these attempts in 1924, when at the suggestion of musolini, he received the title of prince of montenevoz. the title was given to the writer by the king of italy, victor emmanuel ii of sovoy, himself, but this title was as amusing as a personal state, since no land was attached to it, but the coat of arms of the newly-minted one. the prince had a funny motto, motionless, but not inert, it’s like act for the sake of action, but only the other way around, when you die
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a winner. musalini was always afraid of the popularity and propaganda talents of his rival, so over time he exiled him to... the province to a luxurious villa, payment which the government took over. as a result of his military experiments, danuntsu was once again mired in debt, he could no longer support himself, and his requests did not go away. in terms of ideology, the writer supported mussolini for quite a long time and warmly applauded his invasion of ethiopia, because this was our step that brought italy closer to the great roman empire, which once owned a large part of africa. but soon the main italian fascists diverged because of
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hitler. at first, both responded, and the germans were extremely negative. in august 1934, musalini called hitler a disgusting sexual degenerate, a dangerous madman, nazi germany wild and barbaric, and the duce also warned that if nazi germany. when the writer died on march 1, 1938,
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the state gave him a luxurious funeral, and his estate became a museum space dedicated to the life and work of the noble fascist, which it remains to this day. if we consider rejection of everything intellectual as a sign of fascism, then... salini is definitely not a fascist, because his comrade-in-arms was the prominent italian philosopher giovanni gentile, an iconic intellectual of the first half of the 20th century, who is considered the founder of not only fascism, but also modern idealism. enchanted by the figure of the duce, the philosopher joined ... the party in 1923 and immediately set
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himself the difficult task of providing an intellectual basis for what had already formed spontaneously. gentili thought for 2 years, and then published the first programmatic fascist text, which was called the fascist manifesto. among other things , it was argued that fascism contributes to the moral and religious revival of the nation. to develop theses, it was necessary to publish a more detailed opus in 1929 called the foundations of fascism. where fascism had already been
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proclaimed as a new political idea, and the goal of fascism was called the creation of a new ethical state. in 1936 the book was translated into german and was a huge success. these theses ideally supported the idea of “exclusivity.” gentili remained in history as the main fascist philosopher. it was he, not musalini, who wrote the entire first part of the famous doctrine of fascism. its author is considered to be the duce, but in fact
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the first chapter and the main ideas were written by gentili. the philosopher was so influential that he sometimes allowed himself to disagree with the general line of the party and government. when the pragmatist musalini compromised with the catholic church and the monarchy, gentile remained convinced. he also did not support racism, which musalini came to as a result of his rapprochement with hitler. to close the topic of fascism and intellectuals, it is useful to recall umberto ecco’s childhood memories of his life under the fascists.
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in 1942, at the age of 10, i won first place at the olympics, held for all italian schoolchildren. with rhetorical virtuosity, i developed the theme, should we die for the glory of mussolini for the immortal glory of italy? i proved that i had to die, i was a smart boy. in other words, despite the fact that eco’s father was a militant socialist, and his mother a catholic, young eco did not remember this episode, some kind of violence against himself, if hitler had won then,
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umberto eco would have made a wonderful career, he was a smart boy. after the war, europe, with the help of its intellectuals , tried to distance itself as much as possible from fascism, which is why umberto ecu eventually began to insert the stalinist ussr, the same one that is fascism, into the list of fascist regimes. won, but not completely. the story of another popular fascist symbol, the black sun, reminds us of this. black sun.
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today, the black sun is widely used by members of the azov battalion of the american neo-nazi organization. century bc, when lower and upper egypt united the first pan-egyptian pharaoh, narmer, from the egyptians the symbol migrated to the jews, for them the black sun meant the inaccessible hypostasis of god, who can be approached only through meditative practices, visualization of the black sun before the onset of enlightenment. since the ways of the lord are inscrutable, it is not surprising that in 1875 in new york they again remembered
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the black sun. a theosophical society arose there, founded by the spiritualist helena blavatsky by the american colonel henry. olcott theosophy teaches that there is an ancient and secretive brotherhood of spiritual adepts known as teachers. these teachers possess supernatural power, which helps them spread their teaching through the chosen ones. helena blavatsky was considered one of the chosen ones. in her theory, the black sun symbolizes teachers. will withstand the bad, white sun. ardent admirers of blavatsky's teachings were the german national socialists, who were seriously concerned with the topic of searching for these mysterious teachers. since headquarters great teachers according to blavatsky’s theory are in tibet, the nazis went there
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to look for them, but did not find them. another colorful story is connected with the black sun: in 1917, a boy , miguel serano, was born in chile. he dreamed of becoming a film screenwriter, but his diplomatic parents were against it; it was assumed that his son. as a student, the young man was inspired by the ideas of nazi germany in 1939. joined the national socialist movement in chile. because of hitler, the poor fellow went crazy and in 1942
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became a member of the chilean esoteric orders where they practiced ritual magic, yoga and non-contact tantric sex, which miguel became seriously interested in. members of the order viewed adolf hitler as the savior of the aryan race and deified him. as part of tantric practices, miguel managed to enter into astral contact with hitler. in 1959 , cyranos became.
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esoteric hitlerism. all this would have been the black sun, which was a funny sign for him, if miguel serana had not spawned students. he is most valued by his supporters. neo-nazi ideology white supremacy, especially popular in the most liberal country in the world, the usa. because the racial theorists, whom the azov militants religiously believe in, have a fantasy no less violent than that of the tantric sexologist serano, their worship of black.
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to correctly understand these nuances, it is worth looking back once again to remember the era when
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the ideas of the state were formulated and the foundations of law were created as a guarantee of peaceful existence within society. if not for its deep, albeit not obvious roots, back in the first millennium bc,
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people began to wonder why they were different and how to deal with this difference. in general, the pagan world was built on polygynism, that is, on the idea that different peoples have different origins, but polygynism could be equivalent or. the roman republic began to develop a model of statehood based on the equivalence of peoples or races and the equality of citizens of the country, no matter what nationality or culture they belonged to. on this same principle, the great multinational roman empire subsequently grew, which gave full status. to all citizens of the conquered territories. slaves, of course, did n't count. representatives of the new roman lands
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were given the opportunity to participate in governance. the empire itself was a legal cultural union, not a genetic one, primarily ensuring peace within its borders. the structure and philosophy of the roman empire was subsequently inherited by byzantium, followed by the russian empire, but there was another way. greece then proposed to the world. a different type of statehood, built on hierarchical polygynism. the greeks were we are convinced that the cities of the state were founded by one or another god, goddess or their son from a relationship with mortals and the population of these cities is unequal. the fact that all the gods were from the same mythology did not imply the equality of the greeks, since the inhabitants of different cities turned out to be different races. an example
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of statehood built on... the athenian maritime union in many ways , no rules work for lower races. functioned like nato. it was created to fight the persians, when the persians lost relevance, the alliance did not go away, leave it was impossible. there was already a single currency. the same thing happened to the dollar
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after world war ii. the maritime hegemon is always himself. decides who is allowed into the union and who is not, while a roman-type empire always listens to the territory. in other words, fascism, born in the 20th century, did not bring anything fundamentally new to the world, it only returned the hierarchical pollenism of the ancient world, but just as greece once lost to rome, so did fascism, oriented towards an exclusive group. persons with exclusive rights of dominance, again, for now, conceded other forms of statehood, but did not die, and will live for a long time. the fascist leaders of italy did not manage to die victorious, they did not even manage to die a natural death. danuntsu was the first of the three to leave this world. in 1938 he was
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poisoned by his own. austrian nurse emmy heufler. danuntz's position on hitler greatly interfered with a full-fledged alliance between italy and germany, so the germans eliminated him. after the death of the writer, the poisoner immediately left for berlin, where she entered the service of kriebentrop, the minister of foreign affairs of nazi germany. philosopher johnny gentili was killed by italian partisans in 1900. duča's fellow countrymen hated him so much that his dead body was transported to milan, where it was hung upside down for all to see.
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thanks to talented creative people, italians of all sizes decided that they were special, and therefore they had special rights to manage other people's lives. it was in italy that the fastas got their name and came to power almost bloodlessly, but then paid with complete submission to the germans. but it is wrong to think that fascist ideas were strong only in italy and germany; they were popular throughout europe. few people know that fascist rhetoric was in great demand in england, and received an intellectual basis in france, as well as spain, which is considered a fascist state on a par with italy. and germany, then it lagged far behind both france and england in this regard, and this topic deserves separate careful consideration.
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hello, my name is dmitry bak, we have another episode of a literary podcast: let them not talk, let them read. today we will talk about the wonderful russian prose about one of the greatest russian prose writers, poets, playwrights, and critics. and professors of the 20th century, and maybe not only the 20th. you probably already guessed who we are talking about, we are talking about vladimir vladimirovich nabokov, who this year is celebrating, well, a kind of anniversary, he is 125 years old, he was born
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in 1899, and the development of nabokov is proceeding at a very large pace, at a rapid pace, here i have in my hands a collection of works that was published for nabokov’s centenary and is still, in general, the most complete. in its composition, although books continue to arrive, the author of the preface here is alexander alekseevich dalinin, one of the major researchers, and today we are talking about nabokov with wonderful guests, this is the head of the nabokov center of the institute of russian literature of the russian academy of sciences, pushkin house, tatyana olegovna panomareva. hello, tatyana olegovna, i am very glad to see you today, and a journalist, literary critic, and creativity researcher.
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on the side of absolute independence of judgment, its freedom from foreign canons, readiness create his own, both when he lived in europe and when he left for america, when he returned to europe, he was always on his own wavelength with his
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set of favorite authors, ideas about what literature should be and what it should not be, the second thing is probably his , mad hard work, because when you read his biography, especially the second volume of boyd, when he had already become the most famous author in the world, boyd, nabokov’s biographer. just in case, let’s clarify, yes, you understand at what a crazy pace he worked, he could financially afford not to do anything else, enjoy life, well, from some point on, not immediately, at the same time, every year he published a new book, original, translation, poetry, plays, prose, and this is very inspiring, let's start, of course, from childhood, yes, tatyana olegovna, here childhood is of lateral origin, this is already the 20th century or even the nineteenth, here is childhood and adolescence.
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nabokov was formed in russia, of course, although he lived here only 18 years, very little, yes, but these were still those years when a personality is formed, and since he also began to write quite early and even managed publish... as we know, two, two collections of poems, yes, which, of course, no one particularly noticed, but at such a time it’s no wonder not to notice there, there are so many stars, yes, everyone wrote poetry, he published them at his own expense, of course, we don’t know what kind of writer he would have become if he had remained to live in russia and would have become, but of course he was created by his time, his family, as we know, but still this is the 19th century, his two closest ancestors and father and grandfather are statesmen, yes, but they, yes, but still his father was... a man
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of a different time, after all, because he once at the turn of the century, his father, who, of course, had access to a brilliant career in the government, because he could easily, probably, follow in the footsteps of his father, he was an excellent student in everything, both ministers, in fact, and vladimirichno dach could to become a minister and, in general, because he succeeded in everything, we’ll say right away how he died, but suddenly he won’t have to die anymore, he died during an attack on the life of pavel nikolaevich melyukov, who suffered his own... comrade, but at the same time a political opponent, and at that time, yes, and he was one of the few in this huge audience who came to listen to lecturer in berlin, the second year, yes, who rushed, not just hid under a chair, as many did at that moment, but he rushed to save melyakov, he rushed to stop the killers died on the spot, and he saved melyukov, in general, as napoleon said.
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drove up to balkonsky and thought that he had died, what a wonderful death, it’s really very unusual, but in general, leaving for bokov and bokovy can be called emigration in the full sense of the word, or not quite, it’s like departure to study, well, of course, it was a full-fledged emigration, his family, his family was threatened with physical destruction as representatives of the establishment of the previous government, leaving crimea, by god you first ended up in athens, and then moved to the uk, yeah, but tell me, a lot once on one side. repeats and his interlocutors repeat that he allegedly told someone that he spoke english almost earlier than russian, so what kind of identity does this person have? you had a wonderful trilingual childhood, russian, french, english, i i would say that on the side, this generation of vladimir and his wife is essentially this circle of tolstoy’s heroes, karina, the anglicized st. petersburg aristocracy, that is, there are not pierre and marie, but stiva, dol’. of course, the love for tennis, for
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self-promoted hygiene, with what pleasure he sideways describes purchases of special soaps and pencils in st. petersburg, in general, this is it, it seems to directly grow literally from the russian text, he would support you when you use the plural number from the word soap, different soap, this sounds very poetic, look, what do you think or how, as far as you know, is this how nabukov perceived this one? man, look how he was perceived, is he still a russian writer or not? i had the opportunity , well, a very long time ago to hear in different countries, nabokov, yes, yes, yes, he is of course russian, but actually the only one, it seems, who switched entirely to english, well, brodsky wrote in english, of course, many, but still not to the same extent as on the side, well, while he lived in europe, and only wrote in russian, of course, he was known only among the russian diaspora, yeah, no one beyond that. rudder, then, yes, then modern
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notes, paris, everything, all the best magazines, everyone published him, of course, he was recognized, one of the best writers, as they said then, the word recognized is key, we will return to it, the younger generation, because that, of course, if bunin was the main senior generation, then nabokov gradually became the number one writer of the younger generation, but after the forced movement of flight from europe, at the beginning of the war, the second world war, he gradually switched to english, but, by the way, remained.
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knowing that he understands this more than an american, but he is a world-class writer, including an american one, yes, and the fact that he is russian was somehow remembered later, but not in the first second, this is also a paradox, yes, well as if so significant, important and understandable. nabokov writes somewhere that he hates a person who, when entering a forest, can only name grass, bushes and trees, that is, a lot of names of words, in russian, yes, of course, everything, as it were, that’s even what he has... poem, remember, as if no, in heaven, he doesn’t know what to call him, an angel appears, he doesn’t know what to call him, it’s important to name it all, yes, this is certainly surprising, we would now say naming, naming things, naming things for the first time, and in words, this is of course a very nabokovian story, okay, well, we said that he moved from country to
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country, and this is the usual path of russian migrants, vera evseevna, his wonderful wife, one marriage all his life, this is also not often for a writer, i don’t even realize it right off the bat, except for those who died early. therefore, naturally, well, it ’s as if nazism is winning in thirty-three, so here’s the road to america, then back to europe, good, but still provocatively i’ll ask point-blank, is there an essence here, is there another approach to non-russianness, besides football, boxing and so on, i won’t say chess, there was alekhine, a great chess player, although he was also an emigrant, but isn’t there still some...
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he was 18 years old, you know, he really, well, yes, he, of course, was his first love, i think he was the same in russia, i don’t know, but to me it seems that this is what he couldn’t write : dark oley, or the summer of the lord, how could he, well, yes, well, how could he, because there was simply nothing like this, he had to draw already, then its source
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was the life around him, that is, the life of an emigrant, and the life of an emigrant, of course...
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